Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Harrison Building, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Nov 1;408(23):5828-35. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.006. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
The Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) in England sets out various water efficiency targets/levels, which form part of environmental performance criteria against which the sustainability of a building is measured. The code is performance based and requires reduction in per capita water consumption in households. The water efficiency related targets can be met using a range of water efficient microcomponents (WC, showers, kitchen taps, basin taps, dishwashers, washing machines, and baths). However, while the CSH aims at reducing the adverse environmental implications associated with the dwellings by promoting reduction in water consumption, little is known about the energy consumption and the environmental impacts (e. g. carbon emissions) resulting from water efficient end uses. This paper describes a methodology to evaluate the energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with the CSH's water efficiency levels. Key findings are that some 96% and 87% of energy use and carbon emissions, respectively associated with urban water provision are attributable to in-house consumption (principally related to hot water), and that achieving a defined water efficiency target does not automatically save energy or reduce carbon emissions.
英格兰的可持续住宅规范（CSH）规定了各种水效率目标/水平，这些目标是衡量建筑物可持续性的环境绩效标准的一部分。该规范基于性能，要求减少家庭人均用水量。可以使用一系列节水微型组件（WC、淋浴器、厨房水龙头、面盆水龙头、洗碗机、洗衣机和浴缸）来达到与水效率相关的目标。然而，虽然 CSH 通过促进减少用水量来减少与住宅相关的不利环境影响，但对于水的高效利用所带来的能源消耗和环境影响（例如碳排放）知之甚少。本文描述了一种评估 CSH 水效率水平相关的能源消耗和碳排放的方法。主要发现是，与城市供水相关的能源使用和碳排放分别有 96%和 87%归因于户内用水（主要与热水有关），而且达到规定的水效率目标并不一定会节省能源或减少碳排放。
