Koch R, Gasse H, Wilkens H
Anatomisches Institut, Tierärztliche Hochschule, Hannover, BRD.
Z Versuchstierkd. 1990;33(6):251-8.
30 adult animals (14 females, 16 males) were studied macroscopically. The main findings are as follows: 1. The intestine is without striking macroscopic features that characterize the different parts of it. A variation of position of ileum, cecum, and colon, respectively, is due to the length of their mesenteries. 2. In adult males, the intestines are displaced from their position in the caudal part of the abdomen by the urethra (the urethral diameter is even wider than that of the gut, because the wall contains masses of prostatic glandular tissue). 3. The liver is clearly divided into lobes, however, there is no notch between the quadrate lobe and the left medial lobe. The falciform ligament is regarded as the border-line between these lobes, while the gall bladder separates the quadrate lobe from the right medial lobe. 4. The spleen lies almost entirely caudal to the costal arch. It extends dorsally between the stomach and the left kidney. Along the body wall, it reaches the ventral median line and shows even a slight orientation towards the xiphoid cartilage. 5. The greater omentum may extend to the cranial end to the urinary bladder. It is extremely thin and therefore hardly visible. 6. In females, subperitoneal fat may extend from the caudo-dorsal body wall along the lateral walls down to ventral regions, in some cases even occupying a considerable part of the caudo-ventral abdomen.
对30只成年动物（14只雌性，16只雄性）进行了大体研究。主要发现如下：1. 肠道没有明显的宏观特征来区分其不同部位。回肠、盲肠和结肠位置的变化分别是由于它们系膜的长度。2. 在成年雄性动物中，尿道将肠道从腹部尾部的位置推移（尿道直径甚至比肠道宽，因为其壁内含有大量前列腺组织）。3. 肝脏明显分为叶，但方叶和左内侧叶之间没有切迹。镰状韧带被视为这些叶之间的分界线，而胆囊将方叶与右内侧叶分开。4. 脾脏几乎完全位于肋弓的尾侧。它在胃和左肾之间向背侧延伸。沿着体壁，它到达腹中线，甚至略微朝向剑突软骨。5. 大网膜可能延伸至膀胱的头端。它极其薄，因此几乎看不见。6. 在雌性动物中，腹膜下脂肪可能从尾背侧体壁沿侧壁向下延伸至腹侧区域，在某些情况下甚至占据尾腹侧腹部的相当一部分。
