Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Oct;2(10):a005579. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005579. Epub 2010 Sep 8.
Calcium is a versatile and dynamic 2nd messenger that is essential for the survival of all higher organisms. In cells that undergo activation or excitation, calcium is released from the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum to activate calcium-dependent kinases and phosphatases, thereby regulating numerous cellular processes; for example, apoptosis and autophagy. In the case of apoptosis, endogenous ligands or pharmacological agents induce prolonged cytosolic calcium elevation, which in turn leads to cell death. In contrast, there is now evidence that calcium regulates autophagy by several mechanisms, and these may be important for maintaining cell survival. Here we summarize what is known about how calcium regulates these life and death decisions. We pay particular attention to pathways that have been described in lymphocytes and cardiomyocytes, as these systems provide optimal models for understanding calcium signaling in the context of normal cell physiology.
钙是一种多功能且动态的第二信使，对所有高等生物的生存都是必不可少的。在经历激活或兴奋的细胞中，钙从内质网/肌浆网中释放出来，以激活钙依赖性激酶和磷酸酶，从而调节许多细胞过程；例如，细胞凋亡和自噬。在细胞凋亡的情况下，内源性配体或药物诱导胞质中钙离子的持续升高，进而导致细胞死亡。相比之下，现在有证据表明，钙通过多种机制调节自噬，这些机制对于维持细胞存活可能很重要。在这里，我们总结了钙如何调节这些生与死的决定的已知情况。我们特别关注已在淋巴细胞和心肌细胞中描述的途径，因为这些系统为在正常细胞生理学背景下理解钙信号提供了最佳模型。
