Osoagbaka O U
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
West Afr J Med. 1990 Oct-Dec;9(4):264-71.
A study of the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of nine pathogens isolated from bronchopulmonary infections was made using the disc diffusion method. Erythromycin, carbenicillin and chloramphenicol were in that sequence the drugs most effective against the Gram-positive cocci, followed by ampicillin to which however, 56% of the strains of staphylococcus aureus tested showed resistance. More than 95% of the strains of Haemophilus influenza were very susceptible to carbenicillin and chloramphenicol while over 70% were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin G, and erythromycin. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested were sensitive to carbenicillin and gentamicin. Klebsiella pneumoniae was moderately sensitive to tetracycline, carbenicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin and septrin (co-trimoxazole). Sixty-seven percent of Escherichia coli were sensitive to septrin while 50% were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and ampicillin. In general there was evidence that tetracycline, septrin, penicillin G, streptomycin and orbenin had become less effective against most of the respiratory tract pathogens. The study shows the necessity for the early identification of the aetiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns so as to reduce the degree of wasteful polypharmacy or the development of high resistance rates in hospitals and their environments.
采用纸片扩散法对从支气管肺部感染中分离出的9种病原体的抗生素敏感性模式进行了研究。红霉素、羧苄青霉素和氯霉素依次是对革兰氏阳性球菌最有效的药物，其次是氨苄青霉素，但所检测的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中有56%对其耐药。超过95%的流感嗜血杆菌菌株对羧苄青霉素和氯霉素非常敏感，而超过70%对氨苄青霉素、青霉素G和红霉素敏感。所有检测的铜绿假单胞菌菌株对羧苄青霉素和庆大霉素敏感。肺炎克雷伯菌对四环素、羧苄青霉素、链霉素、庆大霉素和复方新诺明（甲氧苄啶磺胺甲恶唑）中度敏感。67%的大肠杆菌对复方新诺明敏感，而50%对氯霉素、红霉素和氨苄青霉素敏感。总体而言，有证据表明四环素、复方新诺明、青霉素G、链霉素和奥贝宁对大多数呼吸道病原体的疗效已降低。该研究表明有必要尽早鉴定病原体及其抗生素敏感性模式，以减少医院及其环境中不必要的联合用药程度或高耐药率的发生。
