National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith Unversity, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
Exp Neurol. 2011 May;229(1):174-80. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.08.025. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
Olfactory mucosa, the sense organ of smell, is an adult tissue that is regenerated and repaired throughout life to maintain the integrity of the sense of smell. When the sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium die they are replaced by proliferation of stem cells and their axons grow from the nose to brain assisted by olfactory ensheathing cells located in the lamina propria beneath the sensory epithelium. When transplanted into the site of traumatic spinal cord injury in rat, olfactory lamina propria or purified olfactory ensheathing cells promote behavioural recovery and assist regrowth of some nerves in the spinal cord. A Phase I clinical trial demonstrated that autologous olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation is safe, with no adverse outcomes recorded for three years following transplantation. Autologous olfactory mucosa transplantation is also being investigated in traumatic spinal cord injury although this whole tissue contains many cells in addition to olfactory ensheathing cells, including stem cells. If olfactory ensheathing cells are proven therapeutic for human spinal cord injury there are several important practical issues that will need to be solved before they reach general clinical application. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Understanding olfactory ensheathing glia and their prospect for nervous system repair.
嗅黏膜，嗅觉的感觉器官，是一种在整个生命过程中不断再生和修复的成人组织，以维持嗅觉的完整性。当嗅上皮的感觉神经元死亡时，它们会被干细胞的增殖所取代，其轴突在嗅鞘细胞的帮助下从鼻子生长到大脑，这些嗅鞘细胞位于嗅上皮下方的固有层中。当将其移植到大鼠外伤性脊髓损伤部位时，嗅基板或纯化的嗅鞘细胞可促进行为恢复，并有助于脊髓中一些神经的再生。I 期临床试验表明，自体嗅鞘细胞移植是安全的，移植后三年未记录到不良后果。自体嗅黏膜移植也在创伤性脊髓损伤中进行研究，尽管这种整个组织除了嗅鞘细胞外还包含许多细胞，包括干细胞。如果嗅鞘细胞被证明对人类脊髓损伤具有治疗作用，那么在它们广泛应用于临床之前，还需要解决几个重要的实际问题。本文是主题为“了解嗅鞘胶质细胞及其对神经系统修复的前景”的特刊的一部分。
