Ramani Geetha B, Brownell Celia A, Campbell Susan B
University of Maryland, Department of Human Development, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2010 Jul-Sep;171(3):218-50. doi: 10.1080/00221320903300353.
Using a sample from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (N = 435; 219 girls), the authors derived several measures of regulation and dysregulation that predicted, both concurrently and longitudinally, children's positive and negative peer interactions in multiple contexts. Observers rated peer interactions in child care and during dyadic play with a friend, and mothers rated peer behavior. The authors based the derived measures on resistance to temptation (36 months) and delay of gratification (54 months) tasks, as well as observations in child care of children's compliance and defiance with adults at both ages and maternal reports. Preschoolers who had better impulse control and who were more compliant and less defiant with adults engaged more often in friendly, positive, peer play and were less negative in their peer play across contexts. Associations between regulation and dysregulation and peer interaction were broader and more consistent at 54 months than at 36 months. Longitudinally, regulation at 36 months was only modestly associated with more positive and less negative peer play at 54 months. The authors discuss findings in the context of developing self-regulation and its importance for early peer relationships.
作者使用了来自国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所早期儿童保育研究的样本(N = 435;219名女孩),得出了几种调节和失调的测量方法,这些方法同时和纵向地预测了儿童在多种情境下与同伴的积极和消极互动。观察者对儿童在托儿所和与朋友进行二元游戏时的同伴互动进行评分,母亲们对同伴行为进行评分。作者得出的测量方法基于对诱惑的抵抗(36个月)和延迟满足(54个月)任务,以及对两个年龄段儿童在托儿所中对成人的顺从和违抗的观察以及母亲的报告。冲动控制更好、对成人更顺从且违抗更少的学龄前儿童更经常参与友好、积极的同伴游戏,并且在不同情境下的同伴游戏中负面行为更少。调节和失调与同伴互动之间的关联在54个月时比在36个月时更广泛、更一致。纵向来看,36个月时的调节与54个月时更积极和更少消极的同伴游戏仅存在适度关联。作者在发展自我调节及其对早期同伴关系的重要性的背景下讨论了研究结果。