Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Jan;399(2):559-70. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4166-x. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
Heparanomics is the study of all the biologically active oligosaccharide domain structures in the entire heparanome and the nature of the interactions among these domains and their protein ligands. Structural elucidation of heparan sulfate and heparin oligosaccharides is a major obstacle in advancing structure-function relationships and heparanomics. There are several factors that exacerbate the challenges involved in the structural elucidation of heparin and heparan sulfate; therefore, there is great interest in developing novel strategies and analytical tools to overcome the barriers in decoding the enigmatic heparanome. This review focuses on the applications of isotopes, both radioisotopes and stable isotopes, in the structural elucidation of the complex heparanome at the disaccharide or oligosaccharide level using liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. This review also outlines the utility of isotopes in determining the substrate specificity of biosynthetic enzymes that eventually dictate the emergence of biologically active oligosaccharides.
糖胺聚糖组学是研究整个糖胺聚糖组中所有具有生物活性的寡糖结构域以及这些结构域及其蛋白配体之间相互作用的性质。硫酸乙酰肝素和肝素寡糖的结构阐明是推进结构-功能关系和糖胺聚糖组学研究的主要障碍。有几个因素加剧了肝素和硫酸乙酰肝素结构阐明所涉及的挑战；因此，人们非常有兴趣开发新的策略和分析工具来克服解码神秘糖胺聚糖组学的障碍。本综述重点介绍了同位素（放射性同位素和稳定同位素）在使用液相色谱、核磁共振波谱和质谱技术在二糖或寡糖水平上阐明复杂糖胺聚糖组学中的应用。本综述还概述了同位素在确定决定具有生物活性寡糖出现的生物合成酶的底物特异性方面的应用。
