Porter J D, Gastellu-Etchegorry M, Navarre I, Lungu G, Moren A
Epicentre, Paris, France.
Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;19(4):1072-7. doi: 10.1093/ije/19.4.1072.
Between November 1988 and January 1989, measles outbreaks occurred in 11 Mozambican refugee camps in Malawi with five camps principally affected. A total of 1214 cases were reported. Despite the reduction of the age of measles vaccination to six months in 1987, attack rates were highest in children aged 6-9 months (10-26%); rates were also high in the 0-5 month age group (3-21%). The case-fatality rate was high among children less than five years old (15-21%). Children were being inappropriately vaccinated, either being vaccinated at less than six months of age (2-29%) or failing to receive a second dose if vaccinated at six months (0-25%). With vaccine coverage between 66-87%, vaccine efficacy in children less than five years old was estimated to be more than 90% in the camps principally affected. Reduction of the age of vaccination leads to logistical problems in vaccine delivery in refugee situations. These outbreaks again indicate the need to improve vaccine coverage with the existing Schwarz vaccine, and also highlight the urgent need for an effective single dose measles vaccine for children less than nine months of age.
1988年11月至1989年1月期间，马拉维的11个莫桑比克难民营爆发了麻疹疫情，其中5个营地受影响最为严重。共报告了1214例病例。尽管1987年将麻疹疫苗接种年龄降至6个月，但6至9个月大的儿童发病率最高（10%-26%）；0至5个月年龄组的发病率也很高（3%-21%）。5岁以下儿童的病死率很高（15%-21%）。儿童接种疫苗的情况不当，要么在6个月龄之前接种（2%-29%），要么在6个月接种时未接种第二剂（0%-25%）。疫苗接种率在66%-87%之间，在受影响最严重的营地中，5岁以下儿童的疫苗效力估计超过90%。降低接种年龄会给难民营中的疫苗接种带来后勤问题。这些疫情再次表明，需要提高现有施瓦茨疫苗的接种率，同时也凸显了迫切需要为9个月以下儿童提供一种有效的单剂量麻疹疫苗。
