Mother and Child Center, Chantal Biya Foundation,Yaoundé,Cameroon.
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,University of Yaoundé 1,Yaoundé,Cameroon.
Epidemiol Infect. 2018 Feb;146(3):319-323. doi: 10.1017/S0950268817002990. Epub 2018 Jan 9.
Measles is a highly infectious human viral disease caused by measles virus (MeV). An estimated 114 900 measles deaths occurred worldwide in 2014. There are currently eight clades (A-H) comprised 24 MeV genotypes. We sought to characterise MeVs among Central African Republic (CAR) refugees during the 2014 measles epidemic in Cameroon. Samples were collected from children <15 years with suspected measles infections in two refugee camps in the east region of Cameroon. Viral RNA was extracted directly from urine samples. RNA detection of MeV RNA was performed with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 634 bp nucleotide fragment of the N gene. The sequence of the PCR product was obtained to determine the genotype. MeV RNA was detected in 25 out of 30 samples from suspected cases, and among the 25 positive samples, MeV sequences were obtained from 20. The MeV strains characterised were all genotype B3. The MeV strains from genotype B3 found in this outbreak were more similar to those circulating in Northern Cameroon in 2010-2011 than to MeV strains circulating in the CAR in 2011. Surveillance system should be improved to focus on refugees for early detection of and response to outbreaks.
麻疹是由麻疹病毒（MeV）引起的高度传染性人类病毒性疾病。据估计，2014 年全球有 114900 人死于麻疹。目前有 8 个分支（A-H），包括 24 种 MeV 基因型。我们试图在 2014 年喀麦隆麻疹流行期间，对中非共和国（CAR）难民中的 MeV 进行特征描述。在喀麦隆东部的两个难民营中，从疑似麻疹感染的<15 岁儿童中采集了样本。直接从尿液样本中提取病毒 RNA。采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测 MeV RNA，扩增 N 基因的 634bp 核苷酸片段。获得 PCR 产物的序列以确定基因型。在 30 份疑似病例样本中的 25 份中检测到 MeV RNA，在 25 份阳性样本中，从 20 份获得了 MeV 序列。鉴定出的 MeV 株均为基因型 B3。此次暴发中发现的基因型 B3 的 MeV 株与 2010-2011 年在喀麦隆北部流行的株系更为相似，而与 2011 年在 CAR 流行的株系不相似。应改进监测系统，重点关注难民，以便及早发现和应对暴发。
