Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens Greece.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Sep;1205:45-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05681.x.
Low bone mass is frequent among female athletes. The "female athlete triad" is a term that describes the interaction among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone metabolism that may lead to amenorrhea and osteopenia or osteoporosis. The main pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to low bone mass in female athletes are low energy availability and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Increased energy expenditure and/or decreased energy intake, as well as the presence of eating disorders, are associated with low bone mass. In addition, menstrual dysfunction is quite common, especially among athletes competing in sports favoring leanness, and also associates with low bone mass. Screening for bone loss in female athletes should take place in the presence of amenorrhea or body mass index <18 kg/m(2) . Management of low bone mass aims to restore normal energy availability and nutritional habits. Hormone replacement therapy has no effect in abnormally underweight patients unless normal eating behaviors are restored.
女性运动员中骨量低较为常见。“女性运动员三联征”是一个术语，描述了能量供应、月经功能和骨代谢之间的相互作用，可能导致闭经、低骨量或骨质疏松症。导致女性运动员骨量低的主要病理生理机制是能量供应不足和功能性下丘脑闭经。能量消耗增加和/或能量摄入减少，以及饮食失调的存在，与低骨量有关。此外，月经功能障碍相当常见，尤其是在从事有利于苗条体型的运动的运动员中，也与低骨量有关。在出现闭经或体重指数<18 kg/m(2)时，应在女性运动员中筛查骨丢失。低骨量的管理旨在恢复正常的能量供应和营养习惯。除非恢复正常的饮食行为，否则激素替代疗法对异常消瘦的患者无效。
