Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Sep;1205:123-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05654.x.
Premature prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes affects about 3% of pregnancies. The cause is usually infection, especially at earlier gestations. The prognosis and the risks of delivery are both much worse at earlier gestations. Before viable pregnancy, termination may be offered. Once the fetus is viable, steroids to mature the fetal lungs and antibiotics to reduce infection are the mainstays of treatment. Delivery is recommended in the presence of signs of clear-cut infection at early gestational ages. At later ones, balancing the risks of infection from conservative treatment against the risk of prematurity from delivery is difficult. Published trials to date have not given clear guidance, but a number are ongoing.
胎膜早破影响约 3%的妊娠。其病因通常为感染，尤其是在妊娠早期。在妊娠早期，其预后和分娩风险均更差。在妊娠可行前，可选择终止妊娠。一旦胎儿存活，给予胎儿肺促熟药物（类固醇）和抗感染药物（抗生素）是主要治疗手段。在妊娠早期出现明确感染迹象时建议分娩。在妊娠晚期，平衡保守治疗的感染风险与分娩导致的早产风险是困难的。目前已发表的临床试验并未给出明确的指导，但仍有许多正在进行中。
