Wei Gang, Yang Lihua, Chu Liangyin
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Aug;27(4):953-7.
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides provide a new way to address the urgent growing problem of bacterial resistance. However, the limited natural resources and the high cost of extraction and purification of natural antimicrobial peptides can not meet the requirements of clinical application. In order to solve this problem, researchers have utilized two basic common structural features (amphiphilic and cationic) for designing and preparing synthetic antimicrobial macromolecular polymers. During the last decade, several kinds of amphiphilic polymers, including arylamide oligomers, phenylene ethynylenes, polymethacrylates, polynorbornenes as well as nylon-3 polymers have been synthesized. In this paper, the structures, antibacterial activities and selectivities of these polymers are reviewed, and the effects of molecular size, polarity and ratio of hydrophobic groups, positive charge density on antibacterial activity and selectivity are also summarized.
广谱抗菌肽为解决日益严重的细菌耐药性问题提供了新途径。然而，天然抗菌肽的自然资源有限，且提取和纯化成本高昂，无法满足临床应用的需求。为了解决这一问题，研究人员利用两个基本的共同结构特征（两亲性和阳离子性）来设计和制备合成抗菌大分子聚合物。在过去十年中，已经合成了几种两亲性聚合物，包括芳酰胺低聚物、亚苯基乙炔、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚降冰片烯以及尼龙-3聚合物。本文综述了这些聚合物的结构、抗菌活性和选择性，并总结了分子大小、极性、疏水基团比例、正电荷密度对抗菌活性和选择性的影响。
