Hyodo Masamitsu, Nishikubo Kaori, Hirose Kahori
Department of Otolaryngology, Kochi University, Nankoku.
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2010 Aug;113(8):670-8. doi: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.113.670.
Dysphagia is becoming a critical medical and social issue with aging population. Appropriate treatment requires that swallowing be assessed objectively. The simple, clinic-based scoring we developed for flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) uses four parameters--(1) the salivary pooling degree at the vallecula and piriform sinuses, (2) the glottal closure reflex induced by touching the epiglottis or arytenoid with the endoscope, (3) swallowing reflex initiation assessed by "white-out" timing, and (4) pharyngeal clearance after blue-dyed water is swallowed-categorized as 0 for normal, 1 for mildly impaired, 2 for moderate, or 3 for severe. Scores given by experienced otolaryngologists expert in treating dysphagic subjects correlated significantly with those of nonexpert otolaryngologists and speech-language-hearing therapists. Pharyngeal clearance evaluated by videofluorography correlated with FEES clearance scores, as did aspiration severity with total scores statistically significantly. Feeding procedures related significantly to total scores for the four parameters, indicating its usefulness in deciding oral food intake. Our new scoring is thus simple and reliable in evaluating dysphagia severity and features, and potentially clinically advantageous.
随着人口老龄化,吞咽困难正成为一个关键的医学和社会问题。恰当的治疗需要对吞咽进行客观评估。我们为吞咽功能的软性内镜评估(FEES)开发的基于临床的简单评分使用四个参数:(1)会厌谷和梨状窦处的唾液积聚程度;(2)用内镜触碰会厌或杓状软骨诱发的声门关闭反射;(3)通过“变白”时间评估的吞咽反射启动;(4)吞咽蓝色染色水后的咽部清除情况,正常为0分,轻度受损为1分,中度为2分,重度为3分。治疗吞咽困难患者的经验丰富的耳鼻喉科专家给出的评分与非专家耳鼻喉科医生以及言语-语言-听力治疗师给出的评分显著相关。通过电视荧光吞咽造影评估的咽部清除情况与FEES清除评分相关,误吸严重程度与总分也在统计学上显著相关。喂食程序与这四个参数的总分显著相关,表明其在决定经口食物摄入量方面的有用性。因此,我们的新评分在评估吞咽困难的严重程度和特征方面简单可靠,并且可能具有临床优势。