Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010 Oct;18(5):325-33. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2010.512696.
The original evidence for the existence of immunologically privileged sites in the body was based on the prolonged survival of genetically disparate transplanted tissue in the anterior chamber of the eye. The failure of the immune system to elicit an immune response in this and other such sites constitutes the hallmark of the immune privilege status. The remarkably successful field of corneal transplantation in clinical practice is undoubtedly associated with corneal immune privilege. Several investigations have addressed the regulatory mechanisms governing this phenomenon, which involves a complex interplay between multiple molecular and cellular pathways. Furthermore, the use of various transgenic mouse models has facilitated the identification of critical pathways, which upon disruption can modify the immune privileged status of the eye. Understanding these pathways not only reveals the mechanisms underlying various ocular inflammatory disease conditions, but also has clinical implications for the transplantation field and for the treatment of autoimmunity.
最初的证据表明，体内存在免疫特惠部位，这是基于在眼睛前房内移植的遗传上不同的组织能够长期存活。免疫系统在这些部位和其他类似部位不会引发免疫反应，这是免疫特惠状态的标志。角膜移植在临床实践中取得了显著的成功，这无疑与角膜免疫特惠有关。有几项研究探讨了控制这一现象的调节机制，其中涉及多种分子和细胞途径的复杂相互作用。此外，各种转基因小鼠模型的应用促进了关键途径的识别，这些途径的破坏可以改变眼睛的免疫特惠状态。了解这些途径不仅揭示了各种眼部炎症性疾病的潜在机制，而且对移植领域和自身免疫的治疗也具有临床意义。
