Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Part of the Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories of the Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health System, 1225 NE 2nd Ave, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
Exp Eye Res. 2011 Aug;93(2):120-32. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.09.005. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
This article is dedicated to Rosario Hernandez for her warm support of my own work and her genuine enthusiasm for the work of her colleagues throughout her career. I first met Rosario as a research fellow in Harry Quigley's laboratory between 1991 and 1993. Along with Harry, John Morrison, Elaine Johnson, Abe Clark, Colm O'Brien and many others, Rosario's work has provided lamina cribrosa astrocyte cellular mechanisms that are biomechanically plausible and in so doing provided credibility to early notions of the optic nerve head (ONH) as a biomechanical structure. We owe a large intellectual debt to Rosario for her dogged persistence in the characterization of the ONH astrocyte and lamina cribrosacyte in age and disease. Two questions run through her work and remain of central importance today. First, how do astrocytes respond to and alter the biomechanical environment of the ONH and the physiologic stresses created therein? Second, how do these physiologic demands on the astrocyte influence their ability to deliver the support to retinal ganglion cell axon transport and flow against the translaminar pressure gradient? The purpose of this article is to summarize what is known about the biomechanical determinants of retinal ganglion cell axon physiology within the ONH in the optic neuropathy of aging and Glaucoma. My goal is to provide a biomechanical framework for this discussion. This framework assumes that the ONH astrocytes and glia fundamentally support and influence both the lamina cribrosa extracellular matrix and retinal ganglion cell axon physiology. Rosario Hernandez was one of the first investigators to recognize the implications of this unique circumstance. Many of the ideas contained herein have been initially presented within or derived from her work (Hernandez, M.R., 2000. The optic nerve head in glaucoma: role of astrocytes in tissue remodeling. Prog Retin Eye Res. 19, 297-321.; Hernandez, M.R., Pena, J.D., 1997. The optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 115, 389-395.).
本文献给罗萨里奥·埃尔南德斯（Rosario Hernandez），感谢她对我工作的热情支持，以及她在整个职业生涯中对同事工作的真诚热情。我第一次见到罗萨里奥是在 1991 年至 1993 年期间，作为哈里·奎格利（Harry Quigley）实验室的研究员。与哈里、约翰·莫里森（John Morrison）、伊莱恩·约翰逊（Elaine Johnson）、安倍·克拉克（Abe Clark）、科尔姆·奥布赖恩（Colm O'Brien）等人一起，罗萨里奥的工作提供了脉络膜筛板星形胶质细胞的细胞机制，这些机制在生物力学上是合理的，从而为视神经头（ONH）作为生物力学结构的早期概念提供了可信度。我们欠罗萨里奥一个很大的智力债务，因为她在年龄和疾病中对视神经头星形胶质细胞和脉络膜筛板星形胶质细胞的特征描述坚持不懈。有两个问题贯穿她的工作，并一直是今天的核心问题。第一，星形胶质细胞如何对视神经头的生物力学环境和其中产生的生理压力做出反应并改变它？第二，这些对星形胶质细胞的生理需求如何影响它们输送支持物的能力，以抵抗跨层压力梯度，维持视网膜神经节细胞轴突运输和流动？本文的目的是总结在衰老和青光眼的神经病变中，视神经头内视网膜神经节细胞轴突生理学的生物力学决定因素。我的目标是为这个讨论提供一个生物力学框架。该框架假设，视神经头星形胶质细胞和神经胶质细胞从根本上支持和影响脉络膜筛板细胞外基质和视网膜神经节细胞轴突生理学。罗萨里奥·埃尔南德斯（Rosario Hernandez）是最早认识到这种特殊情况的影响的研究人员之一。本文包含的许多想法最初是在她的工作中提出或衍生的（Hernandez，M.R.，2000. 青光眼视神经头：星形胶质细胞在组织重塑中的作用。视网膜和眼科学进展，19，297-321；Hernandez，M.R.，Pena，J.D.，1997. 青光眼性视神经病变中的视神经头。眼科学档案，115，389-395）。
