Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Lancet. 2010 Dec 18;376(9758):2104-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61120-8. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
Omsk haemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease prevalent in some regions of western Siberia in Russia. The symptoms of this disease include fever, headache, nausea, severe muscle pain, cough, and moderately severe haemorrhagic manifestations. A third of patients develop pneumonia, nephrosis, meningitis, or a combination of these complications. The only treatments available are for control of symptoms. No specific vaccine has been developed, although the vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis might provide a degree of protection against Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus. The virus is transmitted mainly by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, but people are mainly infected after contact with infected muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Muskrats are very sensitive to Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus. The introduction of this species to Siberia in the 1930s probably led to viral emergence in this area, which had previously seemed free from the disease. Omsk haemorrhagic fever is, therefore, an example of a human disease that emerged owing to human-mediated disturbance of an ecological niche. We review the biological properties of the virus, and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Omsk haemorrhagic fever.
奥姆斯克出血热是一种急性病毒性疾病，流行于俄罗斯西伯利亚西部的一些地区。该病的症状包括发热、头痛、恶心、严重肌肉疼痛、咳嗽和中度严重的出血表现。三分之一的患者会出现肺炎、肾病、脑膜炎或这些并发症的组合。目前仅可对症治疗。尚未开发出特定的疫苗，尽管针对蜱传脑炎的疫苗可能对奥姆斯克出血热病毒提供一定程度的保护。该病毒主要通过革螨传播，但人类主要在接触受感染的麝鼠（Ondatra zibethicus）后感染。麝鼠对奥姆斯克出血热病毒非常敏感。20 世纪 30 年代，这种物种被引入西伯利亚，可能导致该地区出现病毒，而此前该地区似乎没有这种疾病。因此，奥姆斯克出血热是一种人类疾病，是由于人类对生态位的干扰而出现的。我们综述了病毒的生物学特性，以及奥姆斯克出血热的流行病学和临床特征。
