School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2010 Oct;28(12):1299-307. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.498482.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of playing experience on the kinematic characteristics of the goal shooting action in netball players. Six county-level junior and six senior goal shooters took part in the study. They were asked to perform eight shots at goal and were equipped with 33 retro-reflective markers fixed to anatomical landmarks for three-dimensional motion tracking. The shot was divided into three periods: start of throw, shooting action, and release. The following variables were determined for each period: position of the ball, joint angles, timings between actions, joint angular velocities, and ranges of motion. The main results showed a significant effect of playing experience, with senior shooters showing a shorter delay between the movements involved in the shooting action, a significant difference between the right and left elbow angles at the start of forearm extension, and greater extension of the left shoulder and greater flexion of the left elbow at release compared with junior shooters. These results might help justify some of the empirical observations made by coaches and direct them in their advice to players. In particular, recommendations to junior players should focus on the simultaneity of leg and arm actions and dissociation between the right and left arms during the shooting action.
本研究旨在探讨运动经验对无挡板篮球球员射门动作运动学特征的影响。六位县级青少年和六位高级射手参加了这项研究。他们被要求进行八次射门，并配备了 33 个反光标记，固定在解剖学标志点上进行三维运动跟踪。射门分为三个阶段：投掷开始、射门动作和释放。确定了每个阶段的以下变量：球的位置、关节角度、动作之间的时间、关节角速度和运动范围。主要结果显示，运动经验有显著影响，高级射手在射门动作中各个动作之间的延迟时间更短，在前臂伸展开始时，右手肘和左手肘之间的角度差异显著，在释放时，左手肩的伸展更大，左手肘的弯曲更大。这些结果可能有助于解释教练的一些经验观察，并为他们向球员提供建议提供依据。特别是，对青少年球员的建议应侧重于腿部和手臂动作的同时性，以及在射门动作中左右手臂的分离。
