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功能化富勒烯对双丙环虫酯和三呋喃丹对大型溞的毒性的影响:生存、繁殖和生长速度。

Effects of functionalized fullerenes on bifenthrin and tribufos toxicity to Daphnia magna: Survival, reproduction, and growth rate.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.

出版信息

Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Nov;29(11):2600-6. doi: 10.1002/etc.318.

Abstract

Incorporation of carbon nanomaterials into industrial and consumer products is increasing, yet their impact on aquatic ecosystems alone and in chemical mixtures is largely unknown. Carbon nanomaterials may be found in the aquatic environment as mixtures with pesticides because of their proposed use in agriculture as smart delivery systems and nanosensors. The interaction effects of a functionalized fullerene ([1,2-methanofullerene C₆₀]-61-carboxylic acid) (fC₆₀) at 52.8 µg/L and the hydrophobic pesticides bifenthrin and tribufos were examined. The test organism was Daphnia magna, and response variables included 48-h survival, reproduction (bifenthrin, 70-d; tribufos, 21-d), and 10-d growth. Both pesticides reduced D. magna survival and reproduction (p < 0.05). Fullerenes significantly increased bifenthrin acute toxicity but did not significantly affect chronic endpoints or growth (p > 0.05). Median lethal concentrations (LC50s), median inhibition concentrations (IC50s) for days surviving, and IC50s for reproduction were 0.86, 0.55, and 0.49 µg/L for bifenthrin; 0.22, 0.39, and 0.77 µg/L for fC₆₀-bifenthrin mix; 6.63, 9.89, and 5.79 µg/L for tribufos; and 9.17, 8.17, and 6.59 µg/L for fC₆₀-tribufos mix. Mixtures did not affect instantaneous growth rate (p > 0.05). These results suggest that fC₆₀ had little effect on pesticide chronic toxicity but influenced acute toxicity. Given the widespread application of nanotechnology, the influence of nanomaterials on environmental contaminants is an important consideration. Thus, our results may be useful in the development and use of nanotechnology in agricultural practices.

摘要

将碳纳米材料纳入工业和消费产品的应用正在增加,但它们对水生生态系统的单独影响以及在化学混合物中的影响在很大程度上仍是未知的。由于其在农业中作为智能输送系统和纳米传感器的应用前景,碳纳米材料可能会与农药一起存在于水生环境中。在 52.8μg/L 的浓度下,研究了功能化富勒烯 ([1,2-甲氧基富勒烯 C₆₀]-61-羧酸)(fC₆₀)与疏水性农药二氯苯醚菊酯和三丁基磷酸酯的相互作用。受试生物为大型溞,反应变量包括 48 小时存活率、繁殖(二氯苯醚菊酯 70 天;三丁基磷酸酯 21 天)和 10 天生长。两种农药均降低了大型溞的存活率和繁殖力(p<0.05)。富勒烯显著增加了二氯苯醚菊酯的急性毒性,但对慢性终点或生长没有显著影响(p>0.05)。二氯苯醚菊酯的半数致死浓度(LC50)、半数抑制浓度(IC50)存活天数和繁殖 IC50 分别为 0.86、0.55 和 0.49μg/L;fC₆₀-二氯苯醚菊酯混合物的 LC50 分别为 0.22、0.39 和 0.77μg/L;三丁基磷酸酯的 LC50 分别为 6.63、9.89 和 5.79μg/L;fC₆₀-三丁基磷酸酯混合物的 LC50 分别为 9.17、8.17 和 6.59μg/L。混合物对瞬时生长率没有影响(p>0.05)。这些结果表明,fC₆₀ 对农药慢性毒性的影响较小,但影响了急性毒性。鉴于纳米技术的广泛应用,纳米材料对环境污染物的影响是一个重要的考虑因素。因此,我们的研究结果可能有助于在农业实践中开发和使用纳米技术。

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