Bundschuh Mirco, Filser Juliane, Lüderwald Simon, McKee Moira S, Metreveli George, Schaumann Gabriele E, Schulz Ralf, Wagner Stephan
1Functional Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
2Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Sci Eur. 2018;30(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12302-018-0132-6. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Nanoparticles serve various industrial and domestic purposes which is reflected in their steadily increasing production volume. This economic success comes along with their presence in the environment and the risk of potentially adverse effects in natural systems. Over the last decade, substantial progress regarding the understanding of sources, fate, and effects of nanoparticles has been made. Predictions of environmental concentrations based on modelling approaches could recently be confirmed by measured concentrations in the field. Nonetheless, analytical techniques are, as covered elsewhere, still under development to more efficiently and reliably characterize and quantify nanoparticles, as well as to detect them in complex environmental matrixes. Simultaneously, the effects of nanoparticles on aquatic and terrestrial systems have received increasing attention. While the debate on the relevance of nanoparticle-released metal ions for their toxicity is still ongoing, it is a re-occurring phenomenon that inert nanoparticles are able to interact with biota through physical pathways such as biological surface coating. This among others interferes with the growth and behaviour of exposed organisms. Moreover, co-occurring contaminants interact with nanoparticles. There is multiple evidence suggesting nanoparticles as a sink for organic and inorganic co-contaminants. On the other hand, in the presence of nanoparticles, repeatedly an elevated effect on the test species induced by the co-contaminants has been reported. In this paper, we highlight recent achievements in the field of nano-ecotoxicology in both aquatic and terrestrial systems but also refer to substantial gaps that require further attention in the future.
纳米颗粒有多种工业和家用用途，这体现在其产量稳步增长上。这种经济上的成功伴随着它们在环境中的存在以及对自然系统产生潜在不利影响的风险。在过去十年中，在理解纳米颗粒的来源、归宿和影响方面取得了重大进展。基于建模方法对环境浓度的预测最近已得到实地测量浓度的证实。尽管如此，正如在其他地方所讨论的，分析技术仍在发展中，以便更高效、可靠地表征和量化纳米颗粒，并在复杂的环境基质中检测它们。同时，纳米颗粒对水生和陆地系统的影响受到了越来越多的关注。虽然关于纳米颗粒释放的金属离子与其毒性相关性的争论仍在继续，但惰性纳米颗粒能够通过生物表面涂层等物理途径与生物群相互作用却是一个反复出现的现象。这尤其会干扰受暴露生物的生长和行为。此外，同时存在的污染物会与纳米颗粒相互作用。有多项证据表明纳米颗粒是有机和无机共污染物的汇。另一方面，在存在纳米颗粒的情况下，反复有报道称共污染物对受试物种的影响会增强。在本文中，我们强调了纳米生态毒理学领域在水生和陆地系统方面的最新成果，但也指出了未来需要进一步关注的重大差距。
