Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Nov;29(11):2575-82. doi: 10.1002/etc.311.
A diverse mix of micropollutants, including pesticides, biocides, and pharmaceuticals, reaches the aquatic environment through treated sewage effluents. We sampled 21 final effluents with polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and investigated to what extent chemical analyses of six photosystem II (PS-II) inhibitors and 12 other chemicals explain the toxic burdens quantified with two bioassays. Baseline toxicity equivalent concentrations (TEQ) were determined with a bacterial bioluminescence inhibition assay using Vibrio fischeri (baseline-TEQ(bacteria)) and by assessing toxicity on algal growth using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (baseline-TEQ(algae)). Inhibition PS-II was also determined with algae and expressed using diuron equivalent concentrations (DEQ(bio)). Concentrations of chemicals and toxicities varied appreciably between effluents, typically spanning two orders of magnitude. Across 21 independent effluents, a DEQ calculated by concentration addition of PS-II inhibitors (DEQ(chem)) proved a very good predictor of DEQ(bio); DEQ(chem) explained 65% of DEQ(bio). However, baseline-TEQ(bacteria,bio) correlated poorly with baseline-TEQ(algae,bio), because baseline-TEQ(algae) were strongly influenced by PS-II inhibitors. Using data on the 18 quantified compounds, and their estimated toxicities in the bacterial assay, we calculated a baseline-TEQ(bacteria,chem). With one exception, a site with a high load of diclofenac, less than 1% of baseline-TEQ(bacteria,bio) was explained by the analyzed chemicals. We conclude that for the analyses of final effluents, DEQ(bio) is a robust endpoint and useful screening tool for PS-II inhibitors; in the presence of herbicides, baseline-TEQ(bacteria,bio) proves a more robust measure of baseline toxicity than baseline-TEQ(algae,bio).
各种微量污染物，包括农药、杀生剂和药物，通过处理过的污水排放进入水生环境。我们用极性有机化学综合采样器（POCIS）对 21 个最终污水进行采样，并研究了化学分析六种光合系统 II（PS-II）抑制剂和其他 12 种化学物质在多大程度上解释了用两种生物测定法量化的毒性负担。使用发光细菌（Vibrio fischeri）的细菌生物发光抑制测定法（baseline-TEQ(bacteria))和评估藻类生长毒性的拟南芥（Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata）（baseline-TEQ(algae))来确定基线毒性等效浓度（TEQ）。还使用藻类测定 PS-II 抑制，并使用敌草隆当量浓度（DEQ(bio))表示。在污水之间，化学物质浓度和毒性变化很大，通常跨越两个数量级。在 21 个独立的污水中，通过 PS-II 抑制剂浓度加和计算的 DEQ（DEQ(chem))是 DEQ(bio)的很好预测因子；DEQ(chem)解释了 65%的 DEQ(bio)。然而，baseline-TEQ(bacteria,bio)与 baseline-TEQ(algae,bio)相关性较差，因为 baseline-TEQ(algae)受到 PS-II 抑制剂的强烈影响。使用细菌测定中量化化合物及其估计毒性的数据，我们计算了 baseline-TEQ(bacteria,chem)。除了一个含有高负荷双氯芬酸的地点外，只有不到 1%的 baseline-TEQ(bacteria,bio)可以用分析的化学物质解释。我们的结论是，对于最终污水的分析，DEQ(bio)是 PS-II 抑制剂的稳健终点和有用的筛选工具；在除草剂存在的情况下，baseline-TEQ(bacteria,bio)比 baseline-TEQ(algae,bio)更能稳健地衡量基线毒性。
