Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2010 Sep;16(3):251-62. doi: 10.1037/a0020082.
Double reading of chest x-rays is often used to ensure that fewer abnormalities are missed, but very little is known about how the search behavior of others affects observer performance. A series of experiments investigated whether radiographers benefit from knowing where another person looked for pulmonary nodules, and whether the expertise of the model providing the search behavior was a contributing factor. Experiment 1 compared the diagnostic performance of novice and experienced radiographers examining chest x-rays and found that both groups performed better when shown the search behavior of either a novice radiographer or an expert radiologist. Experiment 2 established that benefits in performance only arose when the eye movements shown were related to the search for nodules; however, only the novices' diagnostic performance consistently improved when shown the expert's search behavior. Experiment 3 reexamined the contribution of task, image, and the expertise of the model underlying this benefit. Consistent with Experiment 1, novice radiographers were better at identifying nodules when shown either a naïve's search behavior or an expert radiologist's search behavior, but they demonstrated no improvement when shown a naïve model not searching for nodules. Our results suggest that although the benefits of this form of attentional guidance may be short-lived, novices can scaffold their decisions based on the search behavior of others.
胸部 X 光片的双读通常用于确保更少的异常被遗漏，但对于其他人的搜索行为如何影响观察者的表现，我们知之甚少。一系列实验研究了放射技师是否受益于了解其他人寻找肺结节的位置，以及提供搜索行为的模型的专业知识是否是一个促成因素。实验 1 比较了新手和经验丰富的放射技师检查胸部 X 光片的诊断性能，发现当他们看到新手或专家放射科医生的搜索行为时，两组的表现都更好。实验 2 确定，只有当显示的眼动与寻找结节有关时，性能才会提高；然而，只有当新手看到专家的搜索行为时，他们的诊断表现才会持续提高。实验 3 重新检查了任务、图像和模型专业知识对这种益处的贡献。与实验 1 一致，新手放射技师在看到新手或专家放射科医生的搜索行为时，更善于识别结节，但当他们看到不寻找结节的新手模型时，他们的表现没有提高。我们的研究结果表明，尽管这种形式的注意力引导的好处可能是短暂的，但新手可以根据他人的搜索行为来指导他们的决策。
