School of Biological Sciences, A12, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
J Econ Entomol. 2010 Aug;103(4):1071-9. doi: 10.1603/ec09241.
Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) or "Qfly," is the most serious horticultural pest in Australia, with a bioclimatic range that extends from the tropical north to the temperate south. Various Australian horticultural exports depend on certification that they originated from B. tryoni-free areas. To eliminate, rather than suppress, B. tryoni in production areas, a sterile insect technique (SIT) campaign directed at B. tryoni has been in operation in southeastern Australia since 1997. Like many other SIT programs around the world, the B. tryoni SIT program relies on fluorescent dust to mark the sterile insects. However, fluorescent dust marking does not provide 100% accuracy in the identification of sterile insects, as required where the aim is to declare regions completely free of fruit fly. Here, we show that novel mitochondrial markers can be introduced into a strain of B. tryoni by interspecies hybridization between B. tryoni and a related but well-differentiated species, Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon), followed by backcrossing of the hybrid strain with the parental B. tryoni strain. These novel markers do not affect the viability of the strain as measured by pupation and eclosion rates. A simple polymerase chain reaction-based test is described that distinguishes the marked B. tryoni from wild B. tryoni. As required in practice, the test was shown to work reliably on DNA extracted from dead flies that had remained in field traps for up to two weeks.
桔小实蝇（Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)）（双翅目：实蝇科）或“Qfly”是澳大利亚最严重的园艺害虫，其生物气候范围从热带北部延伸到温带南部。各种澳大利亚园艺出口产品都依赖于源自无桔小实蝇区域的认证。为了在生产区域消灭而不是抑制桔小实蝇，自 1997 年以来，一种针对桔小实蝇的不育昆虫技术（SIT）运动一直在澳大利亚东南部进行。与世界上许多其他 SIT 计划一样，桔小实蝇 SIT 计划依赖于荧光粉尘来标记不育昆虫。然而，荧光粉尘标记并不能 100%准确地识别不育昆虫，因为目标是宣布该地区完全没有实蝇。在这里，我们表明，可以通过桔小实蝇与相关但分化良好的物种 Bactrocera jarvisi（Tryon）之间的种间杂交，将新的线粒体标记物引入桔小实蝇菌株中，然后将杂交菌株与亲代桔小实蝇菌株回交。这些新标记物不会影响该菌株的生存能力，如化蛹和羽化率所测量的那样。描述了一种简单的基于聚合酶链反应的测试，可以区分标记的桔小实蝇和野生桔小实蝇。如实践中所要求的，该测试可靠地适用于从野外陷阱中残留的长达两周的死亡苍蝇中提取的 DNA。
