Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, USFDA, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Future Microbiol. 2010 Sep;5(9):1367-82. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.98.
Smallpox, a disease caused by variola virus, is estimated to have killed hundreds of millions to billions of people before it was certified as eradicated in 1980. However, there has been renewed interest in smallpox vaccine development due in part to zoonotic poxvirus infections and the possibility of a re-emergence of smallpox, as well as the fact that first-generation smallpox vaccines are associated with relatively rare, but severe, adverse reactions in some vaccinees. An understanding of the immune mechanisms of vaccine protection and the use of suitable animal models for vaccine efficacy assessment are paramount to the development of safer and effective smallpox vaccines. This article focuses on studies aimed at understanding the immune responses elicited by vaccinia virus and the various animal models that can be used to evaluate smallpox vaccine efficacy. Harnessing this information is necessary to assess the effectiveness and potential usefulness of new-generation smallpox vaccines.
天花是由天花病毒引起的疾病，据估计，在 1980 年被证实根除之前，它已经导致数亿至数十亿人死亡。然而，由于人畜共患痘病毒感染以及天花再次出现的可能性，以及第一代天花疫苗在一些接种者中会引起相对罕见但严重的不良反应，人们对天花疫苗的开发重新产生了兴趣。了解疫苗保护的免疫机制以及使用合适的动物模型来评估疫苗功效对于开发更安全有效的天花疫苗至关重要。本文重点介绍了旨在了解痘苗病毒引起的免疫反应以及可用于评估天花疫苗功效的各种动物模型的研究。利用这些信息对于评估新一代天花疫苗的有效性和潜在用途是必要的。
