Osborne J W, Norman R D
School of Dentistry, University of Colorado, Denver.
Dent Mater. 1990 Jul;6(3):189-94. doi: 10.1016/0109-5641(90)90028-d.
The first commercial high-copper amalgam was developed in the mid-1960's. In 1975, a study to evaluate in vivo/in vitro performance of nine of these new alloys was initiated at Indiana University. These nine high-copper amalgams plus a traditional amalgam were tested for four laboratory properties and their gamma-2 content, and were clinically assessed for fracture at the margins. Originally, 60 restorations of each material were placed in patients and then recalled at six, 12, and 24 months. Recently, 13 years post-operatively, approximately one-third of the original patients were located. These patients were given a clinical exam, and photographs were taken of their restorations. From these recall data, the mean loss of all restorations at 13 years was 11.3%. The alloys Cupralloy, Tytin, and Dispersalloy had the lowest loss rates. The evaluation of the fracture at the margins (ridit means) indicates that there are five groups of alloys with some overlap between groups. The alloys Cupralloy, Indiloy, Dispersalloy, and Phasealloy exhibited the least fracture at the margins. The gamma-2-containing alloys--Optaloy II, Micro II, Velvalloy, and Aristaloy CR--showed the greatest rate of fracture at the margins. A correlation matrix of the ridit means at different years, the loss of restorations at 13 years, and the mechanical properties indicate that the early (one- and two-year) fracture at the margins predicts the 13-year results. Mechanical properties, however, do not predict the clinical performance of the materials at 13 years.
首款商业高铜汞合金于20世纪60年代中期研发出来。1975年，印第安纳大学启动了一项研究，以评估其中九种新型合金的体内/体外性能。对这九种高铜汞合金以及一种传统汞合金进行了四项实验室性能及其γ-2含量的测试，并对边缘骨折情况进行了临床评估。最初，每种材料的60个修复体被放置在患者口中，然后在6个月、12个月和24个月时进行回访。最近，在术后13年时，找到了约三分之一的原始患者。对这些患者进行了临床检查，并拍摄了他们修复体的照片。根据这些回访数据，13年时所有修复体的平均损耗率为11.3%。Cupralloy、Tytin和Dispersalloy合金的损耗率最低。对边缘骨折情况（ridit均值）的评估表明，有五组合金，组间存在一些重叠。Cupralloy、Indiloy、Dispersalloy和Phasealloy合金在边缘处的骨折最少。含γ-2的合金——Optaloy II、Micro II、Velvalloy和Aristaloy CR——在边缘处的骨折率最高。不同年份的ridit均值、13年时修复体的损耗以及机械性能的相关矩阵表明，早期（1年和2年）边缘骨折可预测13年的结果。然而，机械性能无法预测这些材料在13年时的临床表现。
