Thibault H, Carriere C, Langevin C, Atchoarena S, Delmas C, Baratchart B-A, Ruello M, Maurice-Tison S
Institut de santé publique, d'épidémiologie et de développement, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2010 Nov;17(11):1516-21. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2010.08.004. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
The Nutrition, Prevention and Health for Children and Teenagers in Aquitaine program is a regional implementation of the French National Program of Nutrition and Health (PNNS). The first of two surveys of a representative sample of Aquitaine preschools was conducted in 2004-2005. This survey showed that more than 2/3 of teachers offered a morning snack to their pupils at around 10 o'clock in the morning, mainly composed of sweet cakes, cookies, or candies. Following this initial survey, actions were implemented starting in September 2005, aiming to stop systematic morning snacks or improve their composition. The same survey was repeated during 2007-2008 in order to analyze the changes in morning snack practices in preschools between 2004-2005 and 2007-2008. Data were collected from teachers of Aquitaine's preschools who filled out questionnaires. Schools were randomly chosen according to their size and whether or not they belonged to a priority education zone (ZEP). The results show that 57.9% of teachers organized a morning snack in 2007-2008, versus 68.7% in 2004-2005. In 2004-2005, 22% of teachers considered the morning snack as "unjustified" compared to 44% in 2007-2008. The composition of morning snacks improved: 17.7% of teachers offered fruit and/or milk in 2007-2008 versus 8.5% in 2004-2005. Morning snacks composed of other foods (such as sweets, chocolate pieces, cookies, pastries, bread, fruit juice) decreased from 60.2% in 2004-2005 to 40.2% in 2007-2008. In 2007-2008, 19% of the teachers reported that children had snacks in their schoolbag versus 34% in 2004-2005. The proportion of teachers reporting children having snacks in their schoolbag decreased from 34% in 2004-2005 to 19% in 2007-2008. Comparison between these two surveys is encouraging as it shows an improvement of the perception and practices of teachers regarding morning snacks. These results encourage the partners of this program to continue the fieldwork actions.
阿基坦大区儿童及青少年营养、预防与健康项目是法国国家营养与健康计划（PNNS）在该地区的具体实施项目。2004 - 2005年，对阿基坦大区具有代表性的幼儿园样本进行了两项调查中的第一项。该调查显示，超过三分之二的教师会在上午10点左右为学生提供上午茶点，主要包括甜蛋糕、饼干或糖果。在这项初步调查之后，从2005年9月开始采取行动，旨在停止系统性的上午茶点供应或改善其构成。2007 - 2008年重复了同样的调查，以分析2004 - 2005年至2007 - 2008年期间幼儿园上午茶点供应情况的变化。数据收集自阿基坦大区幼儿园填写问卷的教师。学校根据规模以及是否属于优先教育区（ZEP）随机选取。结果显示，2007 - 2008年有57.9%的教师组织了上午茶点，而2004 - 2005年这一比例为68.7%。2004 - 2005年，22%的教师认为上午茶点“不合理”，而2007 - 2008年这一比例为44%。上午茶点的构成有所改善：2007 - 2008年有17.7%的教师提供水果和/或牛奶，而2004 - 2005年这一比例为8.5%。由其他食物（如糖果、巧克力块、饼干、糕点、面包、果汁）构成的上午茶点从2004 - 2005年的60.2%降至2007 - 2008年的40.2%。2007 - 2008年，19%的教师报告称儿童书包里有零食，而2004 - 2005年这一比例为34%。报告儿童书包里有零食的教师比例从2004 - 2005年的34%降至2007 - 2008年的19%。这两项调查的对比令人鼓舞，因为它显示出教师对上午茶点的认知和做法有所改善。这些结果鼓励该项目的合作伙伴继续开展实地工作行动。
