Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010 Nov;398(6):2701-12. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4191-9. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
We present an isotopic-dilution direct injection reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 23 drugs of abuse, drug metabolites, and human-use markers in municipal wastewater. The method places particular emphasis on cocaine; it includes 11 of its metabolites to facilitate assessment of routes of administration and to enhance the accuracy of estimates of cocaine consumption. Four opioids (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone) are also included, along with five phenylamine drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, methylbenzodioxolyl-butanamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine) and two human-use markers (cotinine and creatinine). The method is sufficiently sensitive to directly quantify (without preconcentration) 18 analytes in wastewater at concentrations less than 50 ng/L. We also present a modified version of this method that incorporates solid-phase extraction to further enhance sensitivity. The method includes a confirmatory LC separation (selected by evaluating 13 unique chromatographic phases) that has been evaluated using National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1511 Multi-Drugs of Abuse in Freeze-Dried Urine. Seven analytes (ecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine ethyl ester, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine, p-hydroxybenzoyl-ecgonine, ecgonine, and anhydroecgonine) were detected for the first time in a wastewater sample.
我们提出了一种同位素稀释直接进样反相液相色谱-串联质谱法，用于同时测定城市废水中的 23 种滥用药物、药物代谢物和人类使用标志物。该方法特别强调可卡因；它包括 11 种其代谢物，以促进给药途径的评估，并提高可卡因消费估计的准确性。还包括四种阿片类药物（6-乙酰吗啡、吗啡、氢可酮和羟考酮），以及五种苯丙胺类药物（安非他命、甲基苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺、甲基苯并二氧杂环丁胺和 3,4-亚甲二氧基-N-乙基苯丙胺）和两种人类使用标志物（可替宁和肌酐）。该方法足够灵敏，可以直接定量（无需预浓缩）浓度小于 50ng/L 的废水中的 18 种分析物。我们还介绍了该方法的修改版本，该方法采用固相萃取进一步提高了灵敏度。该方法包括采用 National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1511 Multi-Drugs of Abuse in Freeze-Dried Urine 进行评估的确认 LC 分离（通过评估 13 种独特的色谱相进行选择）。在一个废水样本中首次检测到七种分析物（ecgonine methyl ester、ecgonine ethyl ester、anhydroecgonine methyl ester、m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine、p-hydroxybenzoyl-ecgonine、ecgonine 和 anhydroecgonine）。
