Yu Mong-Lin, Ziviani Jenny, Baxter Janeen, Haynes Michele
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Aust Occup Ther J. 2010 Oct;57(5):284-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00818.x.
Conduct problems (CoP) represent one of the most common mental health issues manifesting in childhood, with the potential to influence the developmental trajectory of children negatively. Early identification of children at risk of developing CoP is a key strategy to their effective management. Evidence suggests that parenting practices are important contributors to CoP; however, these practices can also interact with the activities in which children engage and these have not yet been addressed in combination.
A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 4936 four- to five-year-old children from Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children was undertaken to examine the relationship between CoP, parenting practices and time use.
All children were at a lower risk of CoP if they were exposed to less hostile and consistent parenting practices and if they did not have sleep problems as reported by their parents. However, boys were more vulnerable if they had fathers who had not undertaken tertiary education, and spent more time in risk-oriented physical activities.
Parenting practices are affirmed as a significant independent predictor of risk for developing CoP. The nature of activities in which children engaged, particularly boys, also has the potential to influence the manifestation of CoP. Occupational therapy services for children with CoP are best provided in the context of family-centred practice and should incorporate an examination of daily time use.
品行问题（CoP）是儿童期最常见的心理健康问题之一，有可能对儿童的发展轨迹产生负面影响。早期识别有发展CoP风险的儿童是有效管理他们的关键策略。有证据表明，养育方式是CoP的重要促成因素；然而，这些养育方式也可能与儿童参与的活动相互作用，而这两者的综合影响尚未得到探讨。
对来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究第一波的4936名4至5岁儿童的全国代表性样本进行横断面研究，以检验CoP、养育方式和时间利用之间的关系。
如果儿童接触到较少敌意和一致的养育方式，且没有父母报告的睡眠问题，那么他们患CoP的风险较低。然而，如果男孩的父亲没有接受过高等教育，且他们花更多时间参与有风险的体育活动，那么男孩就更容易出现品行问题。
养育方式被确认为发展CoP风险的一个重要独立预测因素。儿童参与的活动性质，尤其是男孩，也有可能影响CoP的表现。为患有CoP的儿童提供职业治疗服务，最好在以家庭为中心的实践背景下进行，并应包括对日常时间利用的检查。
