Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Melbourne, PO Box 527, Frankston, 3199 Victoria, Australia.
Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Mar-Apr;33(2):490-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.013. Epub 2011 Nov 24.
Conduct problems in childhood are associated with the way in which children engage in daily activities. Research, to date, on conduct problems in relation to time use has primarily focused on school aged children and their participation in discrete activities such as watching TV and sport. The purpose of the present study is to determine if children at risk of developing conduct problems have different activity patterns compared to those not at risk. Specifically aspects of time use which concern involvement in activities that provide physical exertion, structure, rest and social engagement were examined. Data for this investigation were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (Wave 1) and focused on 4936 children aged 4-5 years. Findings indicate that children at risk of developing conduct problems spend significantly more time in: physical activities such as "riding a bike", and "in the company of adults only" than children not at risk of developing conduct problems but less time "with peers under adult supervision". Gender differences were also found in the same activities with boys participating in more "bike riding" and activities "without peers under adult supervision" than girls. Young children generally participated in more physical activities and spend more time "with peers while supervised by adults" on weekend days, and more time in "structured activities" and "in the company of adults only" on weekdays. These findings are discussed in respect of the potentially risky nature of physical activity choice and the contribution of adult supervision in the context of peer group participation for children at risk of developing conduct problems.
儿童期的行为问题与儿童参与日常活动的方式有关。迄今为止，关于与时间利用有关的行为问题的研究主要集中在学龄儿童及其参与离散活动（如看电视和运动）上。本研究的目的是确定有行为问题风险的儿童与没有风险的儿童的活动模式是否不同。具体而言，关注涉及提供身体锻炼、结构、休息和社会参与的活动的时间利用方面。这项调查的数据来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究（第 1 波），重点关注 4936 名 4-5 岁的儿童。研究结果表明，有行为问题风险的儿童在以下方面花费的时间明显更多：体育活动，如“骑自行车”和“只有成年人陪伴”，而没有行为问题风险的儿童则花更少的时间“与同龄人在成人监督下”。在同一活动中也发现了性别差异，男孩比女孩更多地参与“骑自行车”和“没有同龄人在成人监督下”的活动。幼儿通常会更多地参与体育活动，并且在周末会更多地花时间“在成人监督下与同龄人在一起”，在工作日则会更多地花时间“参加有组织的活动”和“只有成年人陪伴”。这些发现是在考虑到有行为问题风险的儿童选择体育活动的潜在风险性质以及成人监督在同伴参与背景下对儿童的贡献的情况下进行讨论的。
