Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology & Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Belgium.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Feb;22(2):189-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02000.x. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
The inherent deformation and two-dimensional nature of panoramic radiographs jeopardise their interpretation and quantitative measurements. This study aims to estimate the degree of underestimation of available mesio-distal bone in the premolar area (comparing panoramic radiographs with multi-slice/cone-beam computer tomography [CT]) to determine the prevalence, width, length and position of the bony canal [artery] in the lateral sinus wall and to explore the prevalence, width and length of another (newly detected) bony canal at the palatal aspect of the upper canine.
The distance between the distal side of the canine/first premolar and the mesial side of the first molar or the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on panoramic radiographs and corresponding multi-slice/cone-beam CT images (65 patients). Measurements were made at apical, mid-radicular and crestal regions, parallel to the occlusal plane. The presence and dimensions of the two above-mentioned intra-osseous canals were verified on multi-slice CT scans (144 patients) using reformatted cross-sectional images and/or axial slices.
For all 65 patients, panoramic radiographs underscored the mesio-distal distance of available bone in the upper premolar region (mean 2.9 mm, range 0.1-7.5 mm). An intra-osseous canal in the lateral maxillary sinus wall was clearly visible in 49.5% of the cases (mean diameter 1.4 mm). In the canine region, a bony canal was obvious in 32.9% of the cases, with a mean diameter of 1.23 mm. For both canals, there was no correlation between diameter and patient's age.
Based on the present data, cone-beam CT imaging can be recommended for visualising anatomical structures during planning of sinus augmentation procedures.
全景片的固有变形和二维性质使其解读和定量测量变得困难。本研究旨在评估前磨牙区（比较全景片和多层/锥形束 CT）中可用的近远中骨低估程度，确定侧窦壁骨管[动脉]的发生率、宽度、长度和位置，并探讨上颌犬齿腭侧另一个（新发现）骨管的发生率、宽度和长度。
在全景片和相应的多层/锥形束 CT 图像上（65 例患者）测量犬齿/第一前磨牙的远侧端与第一磨牙的近侧端或上颌窦前壁之间的距离。测量在根尖、根中部和牙槽嵴处进行，与咬合平面平行。使用多层面 CT 扫描（144 例患者）的重建横断图像和/或轴位片来验证上述两个骨内管的存在和尺寸。
对于所有 65 例患者，全景片低估了上颌前磨牙区可用骨的近远中距离（平均 2.9mm，范围 0.1-7.5mm）。49.5%的病例中可见上颌窦外侧壁的骨内管（平均直径 1.4mm）。在犬齿区，32.9%的病例有明显的骨管，平均直径为 1.23mm。对于两个管，直径与患者年龄之间没有相关性。
根据目前的数据，锥形束 CT 成像可推荐用于规划窦提升手术时观察解剖结构。
