Tennessee Tech University School of Nursing, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA.
J Prof Nurs. 2010 Sep-Oct;26(5):309-17. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2010.02.002.
The current population of nurses is aging and rapidly approaching retirement, and graduation of new nurses is not expected to meet demand. Multiple reports have offered information regarding the pending shortage and made recommendations regarding interventions. It is important that suggested interventions be based upon current evidence. An integrated review of literature was undertaken, searching CINAHL, PubMed, Academic Search Premier, Medline, and PsychInfo. Studies were limited to those conducted in the United States and published in English between 2000 and 2007. Search terms were nursing shortage, job satisfaction in nursing, stress in nursing, nursing turnover, nursing image, nursing work environment, physical demands of nursing, and nursing faculty shortage. The identified reasons for nurses leaving hospital practice were management issues, job design, job stress, physical demands, and the failure to nurture new nurses. The education issues include a lack of qualified faculty and clinical sites to allow for more students to be accepted into the programs. These are issues that can be addressed; and changes, implemented. Steps must be taken immediately to resolve these issues in an effort to keep an adequate supply of nurses at the bedside.
当前的护士群体正在老龄化，且即将迅速达到退休年龄，而新护士的毕业人数预计无法满足需求。多份报告提供了有关即将出现的短缺的信息，并就干预措施提出了建议。重要的是，建议的干预措施应基于当前的证据。对文献进行了综合回顾，检索了 CINAHL、PubMed、Academic Search Premier、Medline 和 PsychInfo。研究仅限于在美国进行并于 2000 年至 2007 年期间以英文发表的研究。检索词包括护士短缺、护理工作满意度、护理压力、护理人员流动、护理形象、护理工作环境、护理工作的身体要求以及护理教师短缺。护士离开医院工作的原因包括管理问题、工作设计、工作压力、身体要求以及未能培养新护士。教育方面的问题包括缺乏合格的教师和临床实习场所，无法让更多的学生进入护理专业。这些都是可以解决的问题；并可以实施变革。必须立即采取措施解决这些问题，以确保在床边有足够数量的护士。
