Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2010 Oct;22(5):552-9. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.08.005. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
Anergy is a state of long-term hyporesponsiveness in T cells that is characterized by an active repression of TCR signaling and IL-2 expression [1]. Several forms of anergy have been described and the past few years have brought to light an increasing number of 'anergic factors' involved in the induction and the active maintenance of the state in lymphocytes. The role of mTOR and other related metabolic sensors and regulators has recently emerged as of particular importance in broadening our view of anergy-inducing signals. We will discuss the role of these molecules in regulating the choice between anergy and activation, a decision faced by all T cells undergoing TCR stimulation. We will then explore the relationship between the induction of anergy and the induction of regulatory T cells as well as the potential crosstalk responsible for the phenomenon of infectious tolerance.
失能是 T 细胞长期低反应状态的一种表现，其特征为 TCR 信号和 IL-2 表达受到主动抑制[1]。已描述了几种形式的失能，并且过去几年中，越来越多的“失能因子”被揭示参与了淋巴细胞中该状态的诱导和主动维持。mTOR 和其他相关代谢传感器和调节剂的作用最近在拓宽我们对诱导失能信号的认识方面显得尤为重要。我们将讨论这些分子在调节失能和激活之间的选择中的作用，所有经历 TCR 刺激的 T 细胞都面临着这一决策。然后，我们将探讨失能的诱导与调节性 T 细胞的诱导之间的关系，以及负责感染性耐受现象的潜在串扰。
