Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Control Release. 2010 Dec 20;148(3):266-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.018. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a promising alternative to vaccine delivery via the subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, due to the unique immunological characteristics of the skin. The increasing knowledge of the skin immune system and the novel delivery methods that have become available have boosted research on new vaccination strategies. However, TCI has not yet been exploited to its full potential, because the barrier function of the stratum corneum, the top layer of the skin, is difficult to overcome. In this review we first discuss the immune system of the skin, focusing on the role the different types of skin residing dendritic cells play in the immune response. Subsequently, adjuvants and the large variety of devices, in particular microneedles, developed to deliver vaccines into the skin are summarized. Clearly, many ways have been explored to achieve efficient transcutaneous vaccination with varying success. The perspectives of the most promising concepts will be discussed.
经皮免疫（TCI）是一种很有前途的疫苗传递替代方法，可通过皮下和肌肉途径，这是由于皮肤具有独特的免疫学特性。随着对皮肤免疫系统的深入了解和新的传递方法的出现，人们对新的疫苗接种策略的研究不断增加。然而，TCI 尚未被充分利用，因为皮肤的最外层角质层的屏障功能很难克服。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了皮肤的免疫系统，重点介绍了不同类型的皮肤驻留树突状细胞在免疫反应中的作用。随后，总结了用于将疫苗递送至皮肤的佐剂和各种设备（特别是微针）。显然，人们已经探索了许多方法来实现有效的经皮疫苗接种，取得了不同程度的成功。将讨论最有前途的概念的观点。
