Emmorey K, Corina D
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92138.
Percept Mot Skills. 1990 Dec;71(3 Pt 2):1227-52. doi: 10.2466/pms.1990.71.3f.1227.
Two experiments are reported which investigate lexical recognition in American Sign Language (ASL). Exp. 1 examined identification of monomorphemic signs and investigated how the manipulation of phonological parameters affected sign identification. Over-all sign identification was much faster than what has been found for spoken language. The phonetic structure of sign (the simultaneous availability of Handshape and Location information) and the phonotactics of the ASL lexicon are argued to account for this difference. Exp. 2 compared the time course of recognition for monomorphemic and morphologically complex signs. ASL morphology is largely nonconcatenative which raises particularly interesting questions for word recognition. We found that morphologically complex signs had longer identification times than matched monomorphemic signs. Also, although roots and affixes are often articulated simultaneously in ASL, they were not identified simultaneously. Base forms of morphologically complex signs were identified initially followed by recognition of the morphological inflection. Finally, subjects with deaf parents (Native signers) were able to isolate signs faster than subjects with hearing parents (Late signers). This result suggests that early language experience can influence the initial stages of lexical access and sign identification.
本文报告了两项关于美国手语（ASL）词汇识别的实验。实验1研究了单语素手语的识别，并探讨了语音参数的操纵如何影响手语识别。总体而言，手语识别比口语识别要快得多。手语的语音结构（手势形状和位置信息的同时可用性）以及ASL词汇的音系规则被认为可以解释这种差异。实验2比较了单语素手语和形态复杂手语的识别时间进程。ASL形态学在很大程度上是非连接性的，这给单词识别带来了特别有趣的问题。我们发现，形态复杂的手语比匹配的单语素手语识别时间更长。此外，尽管在ASL中词根和词缀通常同时发音，但它们并不是同时被识别的。形态复杂手语的基本形式首先被识别，随后是形态变化的识别。最后，父母为聋人的受试者（本土手语使用者）比父母为听力正常的受试者（后期手语使用者）能够更快地识别手语。这一结果表明，早期的语言经验可以影响词汇提取和手语识别的初始阶段。
