Division of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637332 Singapore, Singapore.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2011 Mar;108(3):549-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.010. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
The current study investigated how playing with another individual may influence 3- and 4-year-olds' executive function in the Less-Is-More (LIM) task, where children point to the tray with the smaller amount of treats so as to obtain the larger amount of treats in the other tray. In Experiment 1, 35 Singaporean children were tested with a self version and a co-player-split version of the LIM task. Results showed that children appeared to be less impulsive when playing with a co-player than when playing individually. Experiment 2 further investigated how the intention of the co-player, collective profit oriented versus individual profit oriented, may influence children's executive function. In total, 96 children were tested with a self version, a co-player-share version, and a co-player-opponent version. Results showed that the co-playing facilitation effect appeared in only the co-player-opponent version. Together, the results of the current study showed that when preschoolers play with an individual who shares a common goal with them, they may become more efficient in executive control.
当前的研究调查了与他人玩耍如何影响 3 至 4 岁儿童在“越少越多”（LIM）任务中的执行功能，在这个任务中，孩子们会指向装有较少零食的托盘，以获得另一个托盘里较多的零食。在实验 1 中，35 名新加坡儿童接受了 LIM 任务的自我版本和同伴分裂版本的测试。结果表明，与独自玩耍相比，孩子们与同伴一起玩时显得不那么冲动。实验 2 进一步研究了同伴的意图，即集体利益导向与个人利益导向，如何影响儿童的执行功能。共有 96 名儿童接受了自我版本、同伴分享版本和同伴对手版本的测试。结果表明，只有在同伴对手版本中才会出现共同玩耍的促进效应。总的来说，当前研究的结果表明，当学龄前儿童与一个与他们有共同目标的人一起玩耍时，他们可能会在执行控制方面更有效率。
