Department of Nephrology, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Nephrology (Carlton). 2010 Sep;15(6):609-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01361.x.
The use of reliable biomarkers is becoming increasingly important for the improved management of patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Recent developments have identified a number of novel biomarkers in serum or urine that can determine the potential risk of kidney damage, distinguish different types of renal injury, predict the progression of disease and have the potential to assess the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. Some of these biomarkers can be used independently while others are more beneficial when used in combination with knowledge of other clinical risk factors. Advances in gene expression analysis, chromatography, mass spectrometry and the development of sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have facilitated accurate quantification of many biomarkers. This review primarily focuses on describing new and established biomarkers, which identify and measure the various pathophysiological processes that promote kidney disease. It provides an overview of some of the different classes of renal biomarkers that can be assessed in serum/plasma and urine, including markers of renal function, oxidative stress, structural and cellular injury, immune responses and fibrosis. However, it does not explore the current status of these biomarkers in terms of their clinical validation.
可靠的生物标志物的应用对于改善急性和慢性肾脏疾病患者的管理变得越来越重要。最近的研究已经确定了一些新型的血清或尿液生物标志物，可以确定肾脏损伤的潜在风险，区分不同类型的肾损伤，预测疾病的进展，并有可能评估治疗干预的效果。其中一些生物标志物可以独立使用，而其他标志物则更有益于与其他临床风险因素相结合使用。基因表达分析、色谱、质谱和敏感酶联免疫吸附测定法的发展促进了许多生物标志物的精确定量。本综述主要描述了新的和已建立的生物标志物，这些标志物可以识别和测量促进肾脏病的各种病理生理过程。它概述了一些可以在血清/血浆和尿液中评估的不同类型的肾生物标志物，包括肾功能、氧化应激、结构和细胞损伤、免疫反应和纤维化的标志物。然而，它没有探讨这些生物标志物在临床验证方面的现状。
