Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2011 Jan;40(1):94-101. doi: 10.1039/b919678c. Epub 2010 Oct 1.
Supramolecular amphiphiles (SA), also named superamphiphiles, refer to amphiphiles that are formed by non-covalent interactions. This tutorial review focuses on the molecular architectures of SAs, including diversified topologies such as single chain, double chain, bolaform, gemini and rotaxane types. Non-covalent syntheses that have been employed to fabricate SAs are driven by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, host-guest recognition, charge transfer interaction, metal coordination and so on. It should be noted that SAs can be either small organic molecules or polymers. SAs allow for tuning of their amphiphilicity in a reversible fashion, leading to controlled self-assembly and disassembly. This line of research has been enriching traditional colloid chemistry and current supramolecular chemistry, and the application of SAs in the field of functional supramolecular materials is keenly anticipated.
超分子两亲体（Supramolecular amphiphiles，简称 SA）也被称为超两亲体，是指通过非共价相互作用形成的两亲体。本教程综述重点介绍了 SA 的分子结构，包括单链、双链、双锥、双子和轮烷等多种拓扑结构。用于制备 SA 的非共价合成是由氢键、静电吸引、主体-客体识别、电荷转移相互作用、金属配位等驱动力推动的。值得注意的是，SA 既可以是小分子有机分子，也可以是聚合物。SA 可以以可逆的方式调节其两亲性，从而实现可控的自组装和拆卸。这一系列研究丰富了传统胶体化学和当前超分子化学，人们迫切期待将 SA 应用于功能超分子材料领域。
