RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA.
Genet Med. 2010 Nov;12(11):726-35. doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181f30e9e.
Family history guides cancer prevention and genetic testing. We sought to estimate the population prevalence of increased familial risk for breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate, and colorectal cancers and hereditary cancer syndromes that include these cancers.
Using the 2005 California Health Interview Survey data, a weak, moderate, or strong familial cancer risk was assigned to 33,187 respondents. Guidelines were applied to identify individuals with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer.
Among respondents without a personal history of cancer, familial breast cancer was most prevalent; 7% had a moderate and 5% a strong familial risk. Older individuals and women were more likely to report family history of cancer. Generally, whites had the highest prevalence, and Asians and Latinos had the lowest prevalence. Among women without a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer, 2.5% met criteria for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer, and among individuals without a personal history of colorectal, endometrial or ovarian cancer, 1.1% met criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer.
We provide population-based prevalence estimates for moderate and strong familial risk for five common cancers and hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Such estimates are helpful in planning and evaluation of genetic services and prevention programs, and assessment of cancer surveillance and prevention strategies.
家族史可指导癌症预防和基因检测。我们旨在评估乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、前列腺癌和结直肠癌以及包含这些癌症的遗传性癌症综合征的家族性高风险的人群流行率。
使用 2005 年加利福尼亚健康访谈调查数据，将 33187 名受访者分为低危、中危或高危家族性癌症风险人群。应用指南确定患有遗传性乳腺癌-卵巢癌和遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌的个体。
在无癌症个人史的受访者中，乳腺癌家族史最为常见；7%有中度家族风险，5%有高度家族风险。年龄较大的个体和女性更有可能报告家族癌症史。一般来说，白人的患病率最高，亚洲人和拉丁美洲人最低。在无乳腺癌或卵巢癌个人史的女性中，2.5%符合遗传性乳腺癌-卵巢癌的标准，在无结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或卵巢癌个人史的个体中，1.1%符合遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌的标准。
我们提供了五种常见癌症以及遗传性乳腺癌-卵巢癌和遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌的中危和高危家族性风险的人群流行率估计。这些估计有助于规划和评估遗传服务和预防计划，以及评估癌症监测和预防策略。
