Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2010 Oct;14(8):692-5. doi: 10.1007/s12603-010-0134-6.
To evaluate the effects of swimming on upper extremity motor control, and balance in elderly population.
Cross-sectional study.
The biomechanical laboratory in a tertiary hospital.
The swimming group consisted of 20 swimmers (n_20, 65.4 ± 5.5 years) who received regular swimming exercise for more than 2 years. The control group consisted of 34 healthy active subjects (n_34, 67.4 ± 5.7 years) who have regular exercises other than swimming.
The eye hand coordination was evaluated by calculating the mean reaction time required in accurately pointing onto the center of the target sensors that come in three different sizes (1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm in diameter). The SMART Balance Master device was used to measure posture balance. The maximal stability, center of pressure (COP) velocity, and percentage ankle strategy were obtained under six different balance conditions.
In the testing of upper extremity motor control, the swimming group had significant shorter mean reaction time as compared with the control group in all three target sensor sizes (p < 0.05). In balance testing, the swimming group had significant greater percentage of ankle strategy during eyes closed and fixed support (EC), and sway-referenced vision and support (SVSS) conditions as compared with the control group (p < 0.05).
Regular swimming exercise may result in improved eye hand coordination as faster and more accurate repetitive movements. Swimming may also result in improved balance function under few complicated balance conditions.
评估游泳对上肢运动控制和老年人平衡的影响。
横断面研究。
一家三级医院的生物力学实验室。
游泳组由 20 名游泳者组成（n_20，65.4 ± 5.5 岁），他们接受了超过 2 年的定期游泳锻炼。对照组由 34 名健康活跃的受试者组成（n_34，67.4 ± 5.7 岁），他们除了游泳外还有规律的运动。
通过计算准确指向三个不同大小（直径为 1cm、1.5cm 和 2cm）目标传感器中心所需的平均反应时间来评估手眼协调能力。使用 SMART Balance Master 设备测量姿势平衡。在六种不同的平衡条件下获得最大稳定性、中心压力（COP）速度和踝关节策略的百分比。
在上肢运动控制测试中，与对照组相比，游泳组在所有三种目标传感器尺寸下的平均反应时间均显著缩短（p<0.05）。在平衡测试中，与对照组相比，游泳组在闭眼和固定支撑（EC）以及摇摆参考视觉和支撑（SVSS）条件下的踝关节策略百分比显著更高（p<0.05）。
定期游泳锻炼可能会导致更快、更准确的重复运动，从而提高手眼协调能力。游泳还可能在较少复杂的平衡条件下改善平衡功能。
