Making the invisible visible: near-infrared spectroscopy and phlebotomy in children.

AIM

Phlebotomy and venous cannulation are the most frequently performed and the most distressing invasive procedures in pediatrics. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether a novel vein imaging system was advantageous for the identification of superficial veins, thus reducing the number of skin punctures.

METHODS

The Vein Viewer was trialled in 50 children <16 years of age who required venous blood sampling or peripheral venous catheterization as part of their standard clinical care. A questionnaire with 10 questions about their experience of using this equipment was distributed to the pediatric doctors and nurses performing the procedures.

RESULTS

During a 9-month period, 38 venipunctures and 12 cannulations were performed in 50 children (mean age 6.67 years). On average, 1.7 puncture attempts per child were necessary. Fifty questionnaires were completed by 11 consultants, 16 registrars, 20 senior house officers, and 3 nurses. Seventy-two percent rated the imaging device as useful, 8% as not useful, and 20% remained neutral. Visibility of the peripheral veins was improved in 76% of children, and the same as with room light in 24%.

CONCLUSIONS

Near-infrared technology facilitated venipuncture and venous cannulation in a pediatric cohort. Further, controlled trials are required including children of specific age groups and those from ethnic minorities.