Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore - 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India.
Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2011 Jun;33(2):241-9. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2010.521507. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an active metabolite of vitamin A under the family retinoid. Retinoids, through their cognate nuclear receptors, exert potent effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and have significant promise for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Differentiation therapy with ATRA has marked a major advance and become the first choice drug in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Conversions of 13-cis-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid to all-trans-retinoic acid is very rapid. Currently, two distinct families of retinoid responsive nuclear receptors have been identified and characterized: retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid receptors (RXRs), each of which include three isoforms, α,β,and γ. ATRA is being increasingly included in anti-tumour therapeutical schemes for the treatment of various tumoral diseases such as Kaposi's sarcoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, bladder cancer, neuroblastoma and has shown antiangiogenic effects in several systems, inhibiting proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and anti-inflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis. This review helps to understand in details about the ATRA and its role on cancer and it is predicted that modulating the activity of ATRA will soon provide novel prevention and treatment approaches for the cancer patients.
全反式维甲酸（ATRA）是维生素 A 家族中的一种活性代谢物。类视黄醇通过其同源核受体对细胞生长、分化和凋亡发挥强大作用，在癌症治疗和化学预防方面具有重要的应用前景。ATRA 的分化治疗取得了重大进展，成为治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）的首选药物。13-顺式维甲酸和 9-顺式维甲酸向全反式维甲酸的转化非常迅速。目前，已经鉴定和表征了两种不同的视黄醇反应性核受体家族：视黄酸受体（RARs）和视黄醇受体（RXRs），它们各自包括三种异构体，α、β 和γ。ATRA 越来越多地被纳入抗肿瘤治疗方案，用于治疗各种肿瘤疾病，如卡波西肉瘤、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、神经母细胞瘤，并在多个系统中表现出抗血管生成作用，抑制血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）的增殖和类风湿关节炎的抗炎作用。这篇综述有助于详细了解 ATRA 及其在癌症中的作用，并预测调节 ATRA 的活性将很快为癌症患者提供新的预防和治疗方法。
