Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Marina e Ecologia, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2010 Nov;60(11):1916-23. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.017. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
Since no extensive conceptual framework has been developed on the issues of ecosystem service (ES) and service provider (SP) in the marine environment, we have made an attempt to apply these to the conservation and management of marine biodiversity. Within this context, an accurate individuation of SPs, namely the biological component of a given ecosystem that supports human activities is fundamental. SPs are the agents responsible for making the ES-based approach operational. The application of these concepts to the marine environment should be based on an model different to the terrestrial one. In the latter, the basic model envisages a matrix of a human-altered landscape with fragments of original biodiversity; conversely, in the marine environment the model provides fragments where human activities are carried out and the matrix is represented by the original biodiversity. We have identified three main classes of ES provision: in natural, disturbed and human-controlled environments. Economic valuation of marine ESs is an essential condition for making conservation strategies financially sustainable, as it may stimulate the perceived need for investing in protection and exploitation of marine resources.
由于在海洋环境中的生态系统服务（ES）和服务提供商（SP）问题上尚未形成广泛的概念框架，我们尝试将这些概念应用于海洋生物多样性的保护和管理。在这种情况下，准确地确定 SP，即支持人类活动的特定生态系统的生物组成部分是至关重要的。SP 是使基于 ES 的方法运作的主体。将这些概念应用于海洋环境应该基于与陆地环境不同的模型。在后者中，基本模型设想了一个有人为改变的景观矩阵，其中有原始生物多样性的片段；相反，在海洋环境中，模型提供了进行人类活动的片段，而原始生物多样性则代表了矩阵。我们已经确定了三种主要的 ES 提供方式：自然环境、受干扰环境和人为控制环境。对海洋 ES 的经济估值是使保护策略在财务上可持续的必要条件，因为它可以激发人们对投资于保护和开发海洋资源的感知需求。
