ÅF, Frösundaleden 2, S-169 99 Stockholm, Sweden.
Water Sci Technol. 2010;62(7):1623-8. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.948.
In an environmentally harmonized society the most cost effective measures to reduce the total effluent discharges should be taken into account. Generalised discharge values are presented for organic material and nutrients in this paper. Depending on conditions in the receiving water any of these parameters can be the determining factor for the eutrophication and oxygen demand. These parameters can be generalized into equivalent loads of TOC, nitrogen or phosphorus by recalculation according to the Redfield ratio. The cost for reduction of organic material and nutrients from a pulp and paper mill is calculated as a cost per unit pollutant (cost equivalent). This cost equivalent is compared with alternative costs, expressed in the same way, for reduction of organic material and nutrients in adjacent industries, municipal treatment plants, impact from transportation, farming, air deposits etc. In order to find where the most cost efficient measures for the society should be taken the cost equivalent for the mill is compared with the alternative measures and their equivalent costs.
在环境协调的社会中，应考虑采取最具成本效益的措施来减少总废水排放量。本文给出了有机物质和营养物质的广义排放值。根据受纳水体的条件，这些参数中的任何一个都可能成为富营养化和需氧量的决定因素。这些参数可以通过根据 Redfield 比重新计算转化为 TOC、氮或磷的等效负荷。通过计算单位污染物（成本当量）的成本来降低制浆造纸厂的有机物质和营养物质。将这个成本当量与以相同方式表示的相邻行业、城市处理厂、运输、农业、空气沉积等方面的有机物质和营养物质减排的替代成本进行比较。为了找到社会最具成本效益的措施应该采取的地方，将工厂的成本当量与替代措施及其等效成本进行比较。
