Hoque M A, Skerratt L F, Rahman M A, Alim M A, Grace D, Gummow B, Rabiul Alam Beg A B M, Debnath N C
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011 Feb;43(2):431-40. doi: 10.1007/s11250-010-9710-3. Epub 2010 Oct 9.
Duck rearing is an important component of sustainable living in poor rural communities, especially as a source of subsistence. A study was conducted on 118 households (N = 1,373 Jinding ducks, Anas platyrhynchus) from December 2002 to February 2004 on Hatia Island in Bangladesh with the aim of identifying the factors that limit the health and production of Jinding ducks. Overall duck mortality was 29.3%, with disease (19.7%) being a more significant factor than predation (9.6%; p = 0.001). Duck mortality also varied significantly among study zones (p < 0.001). Common diseases were duck plague (21.1%) and duck cholera (32.1%). Helminth infection was prevalent, with endemic trematode (Prosthogonimus spp., Trichobilharzia spp., Echinostoma spp.) and nematode (Cyathostoma bronchialis, Amidostomum anseris, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp., and Echinuria spp.) infections and epidemic cestode infections due to Hymenolepsis setigera. The median egg production rate per duck per household was 93 for a 6-month laying period. The odds of diminished egg production (average ≤ 93 eggs per duck per household for a 6-month laying period) was 25.4 times higher in ducks that were kept in traditional duck houses (p < 0.001) and 14.2 times higher in ducks that experienced delays in the onset of sexual maturity (days 191 and 280; p < 0.001). Ducks that were provided snails for a shorter period of time over the laying period were 18.2 times more likely to produce fewer eggs than their longer fed peers (p = 0.002). In conclusion, duck mortalities due to diseases and predation and parasitic infections appear to be common constraints on household duck production on Hatia Island. Additionally, improving duck housing and providing longer nutritional supplementation with snails increased the production capabilities of household-raised Jinding ducks on Hatia Island.
养鸭是贫困农村社区可持续生活的重要组成部分，尤其是作为一种生计来源。2002年12月至2004年2月，在孟加拉国哈蒂亚岛对118户家庭（共1373只金顶鸭，即绿头鸭）进行了一项研究，目的是确定限制金顶鸭健康和生产的因素。鸭的总体死亡率为29.3%，疾病（19.7%）是比捕食（9.6%；p = 0.001）更重要的因素。研究区域之间鸭的死亡率也有显著差异（p < 0.001）。常见疾病有鸭瘟（21.1%）和鸭霍乱（32.1%）。蠕虫感染很普遍，有地方性吸虫（前殖吸虫属、毛毕吸虫属、棘口吸虫属）和线虫（支气管杯口线虫、鹅裂口线虫、鸡异刺线虫、毛细线虫属和艾氏绦虫属）感染，以及由有钩绦虫引起的流行性绦虫感染。每户每只鸭在6个月产蛋期的平均产蛋率中位数为93枚。产蛋量减少（6个月产蛋期内每户每只鸭平均≤93枚蛋）的几率在饲养于传统鸭舍的鸭中高25.4倍（p < 0.001），在性成熟开始延迟（191天和280天）的鸭中高14.2倍（p < 0.001）。在产蛋期内投喂蜗牛时间较短的鸭比投喂时间较长的鸭产蛋量少的可能性高18.2倍（p = 0.002）。总之，疾病、捕食和寄生虫感染导致的鸭死亡率似乎是哈蒂亚岛家庭养鸭生产的常见制约因素。此外，改善鸭舍条件并延长蜗牛营养补充时间提高了哈蒂亚岛家庭饲养的金顶鸭的生产能力。
