Biswas P K, Uddin G M N, Barua H, Roy K, Biswas D, Ahad A, Debnath N C
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Government Veterinary College, Pahartali, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh.
Prev Vet Med. 2006 Oct 17;76(3-4):185-95. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.05.001. Epub 2006 Jun 13.
In a 1-year-long prospective longitudinal study, we determined the causes of loss of 'Sonali' (male symbol Rhode Island Red x female symbol Fayoumi) chickens at key-rearers' households of the smallholder livestock development project-2 (SLDP-2) area in Bangladesh. A key rearer is a smallholder of chickens in the 'village poultry-production chain' (undertaken by SLDP-2 under the financial assistance of the DANIDA) who rears at least five Sonali and some 'Deshi' (non-descriptive and indigenous) chickens in their homesteads based on semi-scavenging system. The aim of this program is to ameliorate poverty, especially among women. Two co-ordination centers (set at the Potuakhali and Noakhali districts) supervised the development activities. We selected two upazilas (lower administration units) randomly from each of the two districts and in every selected upazila, we selected at random 125 key-rearer households. Incidence rates of loss of Sonali chickens from disease, predation, selling and slaughtering were 0.025, 0.023, 0.081 and 0.039 per bird-month at risk, respectively. The major predators of Sonali chickens in the study area were foxes, a kind of wild cat (Felis chaus), mongooses and human thieves. Colibacillosis (both single and mixed infections) had a contributory role in the death of 28% of dead Sonali birds collected for diagnosis; salmonellosis, Newcastle disease and internal parasites contributed to the next highest (14, 11and 10%) proportional mortalities.
在一项为期1年的前瞻性纵向研究中，我们确定了孟加拉国小农畜牧业发展项目2（SLDP - 2）地区关键饲养户家中“索纳利”鸡（♂罗德岛红鸡×♀法尤米鸡）死亡的原因。关键饲养户是“乡村家禽生产链”中的小农（由SLDP - 2在丹麦国际开发署的财政援助下开展），他们在自家宅基地以半放养方式饲养至少5只索纳利鸡和一些“德希”（无特定品种的本土）鸡。该项目的目的是缓解贫困，尤其是妇女贫困。两个协调中心（分别设在波图阿卡利和诺阿卡利地区）监督发展活动。我们从两个地区中各随机选取两个乡（下级行政单位），在每个选定的乡中，随机选取125户关键饲养户。索纳利鸡因疾病、捕食、售卖和屠宰造成的每月每只鸡的损失发生率分别为0.025、0.023、0.081和0.039。研究区域内索纳利鸡的主要捕食者是狐狸、一种野猫（丛林猫）、獴和人类盗贼。大肠杆菌病（单一感染和混合感染）在送检诊断的死亡索纳利鸡中有28%的致死率；沙门氏菌病、新城疫和体内寄生虫导致的死亡率次之，分别为14%、11%和10%。
