Department of Internal Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna stråket 11 B, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;24(3):263-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
After exclusion of diverse pulmonary illnesses, the remaining explanations for chronic cough include medication with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and post-nasal drip. Different clinics report shifting frequencies for both the causes of chronic cough and the success of treatment. However, after all evaluations, differential diagnosis still leaves a group of patients with unexplained cough. This unexplained cough is also known as chronic idiopathic cough (CIC), though there are widely varying opinions as to its existence. Among patients previously diagnosed with CIC, a subgroup has been identified with both upper and lower airway symptoms, including cough induced by odours and chemicals, and with increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin, which is known to stimulate the airway sensory nerves. A suggested explanation for this condition is a hyperreactivity of the sensory nerves of the entire airways, and hence the condition is known as sensory hyperreactivity (SHR). SHR affects more than 6% of the adult population in Sweden. It is a longstanding condition, and is clearly associated with significant social and psychological impacts.
排除各种肺部疾病后，慢性咳嗽的其他解释包括血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂、胃食管反流病（GERD）和鼻后滴注。不同的诊所报告慢性咳嗽的病因和治疗成功率的变化频率不同。然而，经过所有评估，鉴别诊断仍然留下一组不明原因的咳嗽患者。这种不明原因的咳嗽也称为慢性特发性咳嗽（CIC），尽管对于其存在存在广泛的不同意见。在以前被诊断为 CIC 的患者中，已经确定了一个亚组，这些患者同时存在上呼吸道和下呼吸道症状，包括气味和化学物质引起的咳嗽，以及对吸入辣椒素的咳嗽敏感性增加，辣椒素已知会刺激气道感觉神经。对这种情况的一种解释是整个气道感觉神经的高反应性，因此这种情况被称为感觉高反应性（SHR）。在瑞典，超过 6%的成年人患有 SHR。这是一种长期存在的疾病，显然与重大的社会和心理影响有关。
