Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010 Dec;24(4):1019-39, x. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2010.07.009.
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the United States and many other regions of the world. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, from the precursor adenomatous polyp to adenocarcinoma, has evolved rapidly. Colorectal carcinogenesis is a sequential process characterized by the accumulation of multiple genetic and molecular alterations in colonic epithelial cells. However, the development of colorectal cancer involves more then just a genetic predisposition. External or environmental factors presumably play a significant role, and inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, alcohol consumption, and a diet high in fat and low in fiber have all been implicated as risk factors for the development of either colonic adenomas or carcinomas. We are becoming increasingly aware of microbes as causes of malignancies. This article reviews the various microbes that have been associated with the development of colorectal carcinomas.
结直肠癌是美国和世界许多其他地区癌症相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因。我们对结直肠癌发病机制的认识，从腺瘤性息肉前体到腺癌，已经迅速发展。结直肠癌变是一个连续的过程，其特征是结肠上皮细胞中多种遗传和分子改变的积累。然而，结直肠癌的发展不仅仅涉及遗传易感性。外部或环境因素可能起着重要作用，炎症性肠病、肥胖、饮酒以及高脂肪、低纤维的饮食都被认为是结肠腺瘤或癌发展的危险因素。我们越来越意识到微生物是恶性肿瘤的原因。本文综述了与结直肠癌发展相关的各种微生物。
