Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Maryland, 4501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Jan;100(1):66-83. doi: 10.1037/a0021051.
Three general properties of social stereotypes are the perception of differences between ingroups and outgroups (intergroup differentiation), the perception of ingroups as having more desirable attributes than outgroups (ingroup favoritism), and the greater accuracy of ingroup perceptions (differential accuracy). We present and test an inductive-reasoning model that accounts for all 3 phenomena, and we explicate the relations among them. Based on empirical evidence, the model assumes that most people have a positive self-image, that they project these self-images more strongly to ingroups than to outgroups, and that their self-images are valid cues for judgments about social groups. Two minimal-group experiments using a crossed-categorization paradigm support the model and provide new evidence for underlying psychological processes.
对群体内和群体外差异的感知（群体间区分）、对群体内比群体外更具理想属性的感知（群体内偏爱）以及对群体内感知的更高准确性（差异准确性）。我们提出并测试了一个能够解释这三种现象的归纳推理模型，并详细说明了它们之间的关系。基于实证证据，该模型假设大多数人都有积极的自我形象，他们将这些自我形象更多地投射到群体内而不是群体外，并且他们的自我形象是对社会群体进行判断的有效线索。两个使用交叉分类范式的最小群体实验支持了该模型，并为潜在的心理过程提供了新的证据。
