Department of Allergology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20(5):402-6.
Allergic rhinitis is the most frequent chronic allergic disease in children, and may be an important risk factor for the subsequent development of asthma.
To describe the characteristics of patients younger than 14 years of age presenting with rhinitis and the possible association with asthma.
We carried out a prospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiologic study (Alergológica 2005) of 917 patients under the age of 14 consulting for the first time in allergy departments in Spain.
Rhinitis was diagnosed in 42.5% of the children. The association between asthma and rhinitis was significantly higher in children than in adults (44.9% vs 35.5%; P<.05). Time from onset of rhinitis was significantly associated with the development of asthma (2.97 vs 2.06 years; P<.0001). Allergy was the most frequent cause of rhinitis in children with and without asthma. Allergy to epithelia and fungi was more frequent in children with rhinitis and asthma than in children with rhinitis alone. We found no differences in the frequency of treatment with immunotherapy between children with and without asthma.
Rhinitis was frequently associated with asthma in children consulting for the first time at allergy departments. Time since onset of rhinitis and sensitivity to epithelia and fungi were associated with the development of asthma.
变应性鼻炎是儿童最常见的慢性过敏性疾病，可能是随后发生哮喘的重要危险因素。
描述首次到过敏科就诊的 14 岁以下患者的鼻炎特征，并探讨其与哮喘的可能相关性。
我们进行了一项前瞻性、观察性、描述性、横断面的流行病学研究（Alergológica 2005），共纳入 917 名首次在西班牙过敏科就诊的 14 岁以下患者。
42.5%的患儿被诊断为鼻炎。与成年人相比，儿童中哮喘与鼻炎的相关性显著更高（44.9%比 35.5%；P<.05）。鼻炎发病至哮喘发病的时间间隔与哮喘的发生显著相关（2.97 年比 2.06 年；P<.0001）。无论患儿是否患有哮喘，变应原均是导致鼻炎的最常见原因。鼻炎合并哮喘的患儿比单纯鼻炎患儿更常对上皮和真菌过敏。我们发现，有哮喘和无哮喘的患儿在免疫治疗的应用频率上无差异。
首次到过敏科就诊的儿童中，鼻炎常与哮喘相关。鼻炎发病时间间隔以及对上皮和真菌的敏感性与哮喘的发生相关。
