Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jan;82(2):244-52. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.062. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
The transport and fate of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated in the Dan Region Reclamation Project (SHAFDAN), Tel-Aviv, Israel. Soil samples were taken from seven subsections of soil profiles (150 cm) in infiltration basins of a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system. The transport characteristics were studied from the release dynamics of soil-resident CBZ and, subsequently, from applying a pulse input of wastewater containing CBZ. In addition, a monitoring study was performed to evaluate the fate of CBZ after the SAT. Results of this study indicate adsorption, and consequently retardation, in CBZ transport through the top soil layer (0-5 cm) and to a lesser extent in the second layer (5-25 cm), but not in deeper soil layers (25-150 cm). The soluble and adsorbed fractions of CBZ obtained from the two upper soil layers comprised 45% of the total CBZ content in the entire soil profile. This behavior correlated to the higher organic matter content observed in the upper soil layers (0-25 cm). It is therefore deduced that when accounting for the full flow path of CBZ through the vadose zone to the groundwater region, the overall transport of CBZ in the SAT system is essentially conservative. The monitoring study revealed that the average concentration of CBZ decreased from 1094 ± 166 ng L⁻¹ in the recharged wastewater to 560 ± 175 ng L⁻¹ after the SAT. This reduction is explained by dilution of the recharged wastewater with resident groundwater, which may occur as it flows to active reclamation wells.
在以色列特拉维夫的丹地区开垦项目 (SHAFDAN) 中，研究了药物卡马西平 (CBZ) 的迁移和归宿。从土壤含水层处理 (SAT) 系统的渗透盆地的七个土壤剖面部分（150 cm）中采集了土壤样本。从土壤中 resident CBZ 的释放动力学以及随后从含有 CBZ 的废水脉冲输入的角度研究了迁移特性。此外，还进行了监测研究，以评估 SAT 后 CBZ 的归宿。这项研究的结果表明，CBZ 在通过表层土壤（0-5 cm）的迁移过程中发生了吸附，从而发生了迟滞，在第二层（5-25 cm）的程度较小，但在更深的土壤层（25-150 cm）中没有发生。从两个上层土壤获得的 CBZ 的可溶和吸附部分占整个土壤剖面中 CBZ 总含量的 45％。这种行为与上层土壤（0-25 cm）中观察到的较高有机质含量有关。因此，可以推断，在考虑 CBZ 通过包气带到地下水区域的整个流动路径时，SAT 系统中 CBZ 的整体迁移基本上是保守的。监测研究表明，从补给废水中的平均浓度 1094 ± 166 ng L⁻¹降低到 SAT 后的 560 ± 175 ng L⁻¹。这种减少是由于补给废水与驻留地下水的稀释引起的，当废水流向主动开垦井时可能会发生这种情况。
