CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Psychosom Med. 2011 Jan;73(1):75-82. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181fdce54. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
To assess longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental influences on Type D personality and its subcomponents negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) over a 9-year period. Most personality constructs have good retest reliability over long periods, with stability attributed to genes, and changes to environmental factors. Type D personality is stable across an 18-month period and is influenced by genetic factors. However, there is no knowledge on long-term stability, and the contributions of genes and environment to that stability.
Type D personality was determined from survey data collected in 1991 (n = 3235; mean age = 17.3 years), 1997 (n = 3133; mean age = 25.3 years), and 2000 (n = 4456; mean age = 29.6 years) in a population sample of healthy twins. Multivariate structural equation modeling was employed.
Type D heritability ranged from 50% in 1997 to 34% in 2000, with the same genetic factor affecting Type D at all time points. Heritability of SI ranged from 49% (1991) to 42% (2000), with the same genetic factor influencing SI at all times. Heritability estimates for NA ranged from 45% (1991) to 40% (2000), with one genetic factor influencing NA at all times, and one genetic factor influencing NA at the second and third occasions. Different environmental factors acted on Type D, NA, and SI at each of the three measurement occasions.
Type D personality and both subcomponents are stable over time, which is largely due to genetic factors. Different unique environmental factors influence the Type D components at different occasions.
评估长达 9 年的时间内，D 型人格及其两个亚维度，即负性情感（NA）和社交抑制（SI）的遗传和环境影响的纵向变化。大多数人格结构在长时间内具有良好的重测信度，其稳定性归因于基因，而变化则归因于环境因素。D 型人格在 18 个月的时间内是稳定的，并且受到遗传因素的影响。然而，对于其长期稳定性以及基因和环境对稳定性的贡献，我们知之甚少。
1991 年（n=3235；平均年龄=17.3 岁）、1997 年（n=3133；平均年龄=25.3 岁）和 2000 年（n=4456；平均年龄=29.6 岁），从健康双胞胎人群的调查数据中确定 D 型人格。采用多变量结构方程模型进行分析。
D 型人格的遗传率在 1997 年为 50%，在 2000 年为 34%，表明在所有时间点都存在相同的遗传因素影响 D 型人格。SI 的遗传率在 1991 年为 49%（1991 年）到 2000 年为 42%（2000 年），表明在所有时间点都存在相同的遗传因素影响 SI。NA 的遗传率在 1991 年为 45%（1991 年）到 2000 年为 40%（2000 年），表明在所有时间点都存在一个遗传因素影响 NA，在第二和第三次出现时存在另一个遗传因素影响 NA。不同的环境因素在三个测量时间点上对 D 型人格、NA 和 SI 产生影响。
D 型人格及其两个亚维度在时间上是稳定的，这在很大程度上归因于遗传因素。不同的独特环境因素在不同的场合影响 D 型人格的各个组成部分。
